Chapter 5 study guide
Irregular bone
-Irregular bone - Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Long bones
-Typically longer than they are wide -Shaft with heads situated at both ends -Contain mostly compact bone -All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are long bones
synovial joint
How is a ball-and-socket joint classified?
Articular carilage
- Covers the external surface of the epiphyses -Mady of hyaline cartilage - Decreases friction at joint surfaces
flat bone
- Thin, flattened, and usually curved
Diaphysis
- shaft - Makes up most of bone's length - Composed of compact bone
Epiphysis
-Ends of the bone -Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone
Which of these is a typical characteristic of the female pelvis?
ischial spines that are short and farther apart
Lamellae
layers or rings of calification that are found in compact bone
What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?
pivot
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.
short
True
The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.
foramen magnum
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the
false
The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.
How many true ribs do humans have?
7
Epiphyseal plate
Area where bone growth takes place in a long bone
The most important minerals stored in bones are ________
Calcium and Phosphorus
Small channels that radiate thought the matrix of compact bone
Canaliculi
Bone breaks into many fragements
Comminuted fracture
Broken bone portion is pushed inward
Depression fracture
Zygomatic bone
Identify the bones that do NOT house a paranasal sinus
lambdoid suture
The suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occipital bone is the
squamous
The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.
true
There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.
vertebrae
What bones protect the spinal cord?
pressure on spinal nerves by the protruding disc
What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc?
transverse foramina
What feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae?
A bony collar forms
What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones?
cervical
What type of vertebrae have openings in their transverse processes that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain?
marrow cavity
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
sphenoid bone
Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland?
true ribs
Which bones attach directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages?
metacarpals bones
Which bones form the palm of the hand?
scapula and humerus
Which bones form the shoulder joint?
sternum
Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?
canalicul
Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon?
maxillary and palatine
Which of these bones form the hard palate?
sternum
Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton?
Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.
Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?
cervical
Which spinal curvature develops as an infant begins to hold up his or her head?
Lacunae
are arranged in concentric rings called Lamellae
Osteocytes
are situated within cavities know as Lacunae
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.
axial
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.
canaliculi
Which of these is responsible for the flexibility of bone?
collagen
In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments?
comminuted
Blood cell formation is called _____
hematopoiesis
What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone?
hyoid
The arrangement of bone tissue shown in the figure consists of ________
osteons( Haversian systems
Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures?
osteoporotic bones
Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland?
sphenoid bone
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system?
storage site for calcium
Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and mandible
true
Which bones attach directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages?
true ribs
Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior?
true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs
Calls that can build bony matrix
Osteoblasts
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
Osteoclasts
Periosteum
Outside covering of the diaphysis
Epiphyseal line
Remnant of the epiphyseal plate Seen in adult bones
Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________.
Rickets
Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces
Spiral fracture
axis
The dens is a process projecting from the
fonranels
The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are _
is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
The hyoid bone is unique because it
Incomplete bone break
Greenstick fracture
Broken bone ends are forced into each other
Impacted fracture
first cervical vertebro
The atlas is the
coccyx
The tailbone is the
What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting?
ischial tuberosity
joint cavity
joint cavity What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?
The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
