Chapter 5: The Baby Boom and Echo - APS

Cohort

The term which refers to a population age group, such as children less than five years old

Baby Boom

A demographic phase marked by an increase in the birth rate of a country, and a corresponding population increase

Authoritarian Education

A fairly strict teacher-centered form of education, strongly focused on student mastery of traditional subject matter

Nuclear Family

A family group consisting only of a mother and living with their children

Counterculture

A large group of people in society who express values and behaviours that conflict with society's norms

Natural Increase

In demography, a positive population balance where a country's birth rate exceeds its death rate

Dependency Load

A measure of the portion of the national population that is not actively employed. Frequently, this includes, children, youth and seniors

Youthquake

A media term used in the late 1960s and early 1970s to describe the culture of protest which emerged among adolescent and young adult baby boomers

Progressive Education

A more child-centered form of education, based upon the assumption that students are eager to learn material presented in a interesting way

Reality Television

A new style of television format developed in the late 1990s, focused on active situations involving the experiences of real people

Dependency Ratio

A numerical comparison that identifies the average number of dependents in a country for every one hundred adults of working age

Recession

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters

War Bride

A term for the European wives of Canadian soldiers who came to Canada with their husbands after World War II

Twentysomethings

A term referring to the relatively small group of people born between 1966 and 1979, during the so-called baby bust

"Six-Pocket" Phenomenon

A term used by marketing people in reference to Generation Y, a demographic group receiving spending money from two working parents and four grandparents

Generation Z

A term used for children born after the mid-1990s, some o them the off-spring of so-called Twentysomethings demographic group

Millennium Kids

A term used for children born after the mid-1990s, some of them the off-spring of so-called Twentysomethings demographic group

Generation X

A term used for people born between 1946 and 1966, during the post-World War II baby boom

Sexual Revolution

A time during the late 1960s and early 1970s when sexual behaviour and morals in North America and Europe changed dramatically

Pension Fund

A type of group savings plan by which people save money to draw out, almost like a pay check after they retire

Retirement Savings Plan

A type of individual savings plan by which people save money fore retirement, encouraged by a tax break from the Canadian government

Population Pyramid

A type of multiple bar graph used to show the proportions of males and females of different ages in the population of a country

Ecotourism

A type of travel based upon the enjoyment of nature

Materialism

A way of life with personal or societal values preoccupied with obtaining material possessions

Natural Decrease

In demography, a negative population balance where a country's death rate exceeds its birth rate

Net Migration

In demography, the rate at which a country's population is increasing or decreasing when four factors are considered: birth rate, death rate, immigration and emigration

Economic Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

National Debt

Money borrowed by a country to finance government spending. The debt to be repaid includes the accumulated interest on these loans

Political Activism

Movements for political change that focus on public activities such as marches, demonstrations, "media events", and petitions

Suburbia

New residential areas built beyond the existing built-up area of a city

The Pill

Oral birth control contraceptives first developed during the 1960s

Baby Bust

The period of declining birth rates between 1966 - 1979, immediately after the post-World War II baby boom

Demography

The study of human populations

Just Society

The term used by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in the 1970s to refer to a Canadian society in which individual freedoms are very important

Birth Rate

The average number of births per thousand people (both sexes, all ages) in a country during a particular year

Infant Mortality Rate

The average number of infants less than one year of age, who die for each 1000 children born

Life Expectancy

The average number of years which a person can expect to live. It is calculated separately for males and females, and is a strong indicator of living standards in a country or among a group of people

Echo Boom

The demographic phase in which a population increase is created as people born during the post-World War II baby boom have their own children

Immigration

The migration of people from one country to another, with the intention of taking up permanent residence