chapter 5 tissues anatomy

what is the function of the basement membrane

the layer that anchors the epithelial tissue.

where is pseudo stratified columnar epithelium found

the passages of the respiratory tract

what are reticular fibers like

thin, makes framework for some organs (ex. kidney) like collagenous

what are epithelial membranes

thin, sheetlike structures composed of epithelial & underlying connective tissues

what is the function of nervous tissue

to conduct impulses and provide communication from the brain to the peripheral body parts (hands, feet, etc.)

what is the function of blood

to transport things throughout the body

forms inner linings of urinary bladder

transitional epithelium

the inner lining of the urinary bladder and the passageways of the urinary tract are composed of

transitional epithelium

function of nervous tissue

transmits impulses from brain & spinal chord

epi-

upon

Where is this tissue locate

uterus, stomach, and intestines

what cells are found in the intercellular material

wbc, rbc, and platelets

what are collagenous fibers like

white, made of protein, very strong, causes wrinkles when old because they are not as stretchy

what are the functions of macrophages cells

wondering cell-fights infection

what are elastic fibers like

yellow, made of elastin, gives skin stretchiness and flexibility

a gland that loses a portion of the cell body during secretion

apocrine

binds skin to underlying organs

areolar tissue

forms delicate, thin layers between muscles

areolar tissue

mucous membranes are located

around the organs of the respiratory system

hestamine

causes inflammation

-cyt

cell

what are tissues

cells arranged to provide specific functions for the body

cartilage cells ?

chondrocytes, gel like fluid

hair like structures that move things throughout the body

cilia

microscopic, hairlike projections called _____ are a characteristic of columnar epithelium

cilia

the major structural protein of the body and of white connective tissue is

collagen

blood =

connective tissue

a gland that secretes its products into ducts opening into an external or internal surface is called an ________ gland.

exocrine

glands that secrete into ducts

exocrine

a merocrine gland secretes its product by __________

exocytosis

pseud-

false

adip-

fat

the connective tissue cells that produce fibers are

fibroblasts

the most common cells of loose connective tissue are

fibroblasts

pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

fibrocartilage

the type of cartilage in the intervertebral discs is

fibrocartilage

fibroblasts and mast cells found in connective tissue are (fixed, wandering) cells

fixed

forms framework of outer ear

elastic cartilage

yellow connective tissue that can be stretched and returned to its original shape is

elastin

ducts that secrete into body fluids/blood

endocrine

location of hyaline cartilage

ends of bones

where is stratified squamos epithelium found

epidermis of the skin

widespread throughout the body, covers organs, & lines the body surfaces

epithelial tissues

list the 4 major types of tissue found in the human body

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

list the major 4 types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

what are the functions of fibroblast cells

fixed cells & secrete fibers, fairly large

function of elastic cartilage

flexible

where is simple columnar epithelium found

lining of digestive tract

where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found

lining of respiratory passages

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found

lining of the ducts of salivary glands

describe the structure of stratified squamous epithelium

multiple layers of flattened cells.

5 functions of epithelial tissues

protection secretion absorption excretion sensory reception

function of epithelial tissue

protective covering; secrete & absorb

what is the functions of adipose tissue

protects abdominal organs and is designed to store fat

cells in a tissue are (similar, dissimilar)

similar

forms linings of stomach and intestines

simple columnar epithelium

nuclei located near basement membrane

simple columnar epithelium

lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands

simple cuboidal epithelium

damaged easily (type of epithelium)

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

simple squamous epithelium

what is the function of neurological cells in nervous tissue

support and nourish the neurons

three functions of connective tissues

support, protection, fat storage

function of connective tissue

supports soft body parts & binds joints together

where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found

sweat/saliva glands

describe the structure of simple columnar epithelium

a row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane, may be ciliated

describe the structure of simple cuboidal epithelium

a single layer of cube shaped cells w/ centrally located nuclei

which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is (are) true: a. epithelial tissue has no blood vessels b. epithelial cells reproduce slowly c. epithelial cells are nourished by substances diffusing from connective tissues d. Injuries to epithelial tissue heal rapidly as new cells replace damaged cells

a, c, d

a specialized form of connective tissue

adipose tissue

cells greatly enlarged with nuclei pushed to sides

adipose tissue

functions as hear insulator under skin

adipose tissue

occurs around kidneys, behind eyeballs, and around various joints

adipose tissue

provides stored energy supply in fat vacuoles

adipose tissue

serves as a conserver of body heat

adipose tissue

serves as a storehouse of energy for the body

adipose tissue

where is simple squamous epithelium found

air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries

lacks blood vessels, replaced frequently

basement membrane

the underside of epithelial tissue is formed of nonliving tissue called the

basement membrane

inter-

between

What are the functions and structure of connective tissue?

bind, support, and connect. Provide framework for organ, fills space in body, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects from infection.

where can transitional epithelium be found

bladder

contains large amounts of fluid and lacks fibers

blood

os-

bone

the most rigid connective tissue is

bone

cells arranged around central canal

bone (compact)

why do bone injuries heal rapidly?

bones have a good blood supply

which muscle tissue: only in heart - single nucleus but is striated, consists of branching fibers that are connected to each other with intercalated disks - involuntary

cardiac tissue

chondr-

cartilage

the function of epithelial tissue is to

cover body surfaces

main tissue of tendons and ligaments

dense connective tissue (regular)

what is the special characteristic of transitional epithelium

designed to distend (stretch) in response to tension

function of stratified squamous epithelium

designed to protect underlying layers

simple squamous epithelium is found where _________ and __________ take place

diffusion; filtration

location of fibrocartilage

disks in spine, knees, and pelvic girdle

location of elastic cartilage

ears, larynx (vocal chords)

where is adipose connective tissue found

found underneath skin and around joints

glia-

glue

mucus secreting ____________ can be found in columnar cells

goblet cells

characteristics of muscle tissue

have the ability to contract-as they contract, they can move body parts.

glands that release entire cells

holocrine

the cartilage found in the tip of the nose

hyaline

forms supporting rings of respiratory passages

hyaline cartilage

forms the flexible soft part of the nasal septum

hyaline cartilage

serous membranes are located

in body cavities that are completely closed to the outside of the body

provides a water proof ability

keratinization

where is simple cuboidal epithelium tissue found

kidney & the ducts of the glands

macr-

large

strat-

layer

what is the difference between a ligament and a tendon

ligaments- connect bone to bone tendons- connect muscles onto your bones

location and function of mucous membranes

lines cavities that open to the outside, secretes mucous, later of epithelium, and loose connective tissues

location and function of serous membranes

lines closed body cavities, covers abdominal and thoracic organs, secretes

the structure of simple squamous epithelium is

made of a single layer of thin, flattened cells

describe glandular epithelium

made up of cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids

function of hyaline cartilage

makes up rings of respiratory passages, provides cushioning, and keeps airways open

example of apocrine gland

mammary/cerum (earwax) glands

a gland that produces a watery, protein-rich fluid like mucus

merocrine

increases surface area of tissues

microvilli

function of muscle tissue

movement

what does involuntary mean

moves without having to think about it

function of mast cells

near blood vessels (fixed), released heparin (prevents blood from overclotting) and hestamine (causes inflammation)

coordination and regulation of body functions is the function of ___________ tissue

nervous

what is the basic cell of nervous tissue

neuron-conducts impulses

describe the functions of the connective tissue matrix

organizes cells- plasma relays info, connects the tissues to the blood supply

where is stratified squamous epithelium found

outer layer of skin, lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal

the intercellular material of vascular tissue is

plasma

what is the intercellular material of vascular connective tissue

plasma- liquid part of blood

what blood cells make the blood clot

platelets

heparin

prevents blood from over clotting

function of simple columnar epithelium

protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients, processes microvilli

commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the airways

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

what is cartilage

rigid tissue, next hardest thing to bones, heals slowly

what are the characteristics of bone

rigid tissue; tissue contains mineral salts and creates blood cells

examples of holocrine glands

sabaceous glands (oil gland)

examples of merocrine gland

saliva, sweat glands

squam-

scale

the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium are _________ and __________

secretion; absorption

list the three types of epithelial tissues

serous mucous cutaneous

the four major types of membranes

serous mucous cutaneous synovial

which muscle tissue : fibers are long and cylindrical and spindle shaped - voluntary - attached to bones by tendons

skeletal tissue

location of cutaneous membrane

skin

bc of the nature of its blood supply, injured cartilage heals ______

slowly

the three types of muscle tissues are

smooth skeletal cardiac

which muscle tissue: lacks striation, unucleated, spindle shaped - involuntary - makes up internal organs (except the heart), blood vessels, bladder, digestive tract.

smooth tissue

several layers of cells found in the vas defrense part of the male urethra and parts of the pharynx

stratified columnar

2/3 layers of cuboidal cells.

stratified cuboidal epithelium

forms lining of oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina

stratified squamous epithelium