chapter 5 tissues anatomy
what is the function of the basement membrane
the layer that anchors the epithelial tissue.
where is pseudo stratified columnar epithelium found
the passages of the respiratory tract
what are reticular fibers like
thin, makes framework for some organs (ex. kidney) like collagenous
what are epithelial membranes
thin, sheetlike structures composed of epithelial & underlying connective tissues
what is the function of nervous tissue
to conduct impulses and provide communication from the brain to the peripheral body parts (hands, feet, etc.)
what is the function of blood
to transport things throughout the body
forms inner linings of urinary bladder
transitional epithelium
the inner lining of the urinary bladder and the passageways of the urinary tract are composed of
transitional epithelium
function of nervous tissue
transmits impulses from brain & spinal chord
epi-
upon
Where is this tissue locate
uterus, stomach, and intestines
what cells are found in the intercellular material
wbc, rbc, and platelets
what are collagenous fibers like
white, made of protein, very strong, causes wrinkles when old because they are not as stretchy
what are the functions of macrophages cells
wondering cell-fights infection
what are elastic fibers like
yellow, made of elastin, gives skin stretchiness and flexibility
a gland that loses a portion of the cell body during secretion
apocrine
binds skin to underlying organs
areolar tissue
forms delicate, thin layers between muscles
areolar tissue
mucous membranes are located
around the organs of the respiratory system
hestamine
causes inflammation
-cyt
cell
what are tissues
cells arranged to provide specific functions for the body
cartilage cells ?
chondrocytes, gel like fluid
hair like structures that move things throughout the body
cilia
microscopic, hairlike projections called _____ are a characteristic of columnar epithelium
cilia
the major structural protein of the body and of white connective tissue is
collagen
blood =
connective tissue
a gland that secretes its products into ducts opening into an external or internal surface is called an ________ gland.
exocrine
glands that secrete into ducts
exocrine
a merocrine gland secretes its product by __________
exocytosis
pseud-
false
adip-
fat
the connective tissue cells that produce fibers are
fibroblasts
the most common cells of loose connective tissue are
fibroblasts
pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers
fibrocartilage
the type of cartilage in the intervertebral discs is
fibrocartilage
fibroblasts and mast cells found in connective tissue are (fixed, wandering) cells
fixed
forms framework of outer ear
elastic cartilage
yellow connective tissue that can be stretched and returned to its original shape is
elastin
ducts that secrete into body fluids/blood
endocrine
location of hyaline cartilage
ends of bones
where is stratified squamos epithelium found
epidermis of the skin
widespread throughout the body, covers organs, & lines the body surfaces
epithelial tissues
list the 4 major types of tissue found in the human body
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
list the major 4 types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what are the functions of fibroblast cells
fixed cells & secrete fibers, fairly large
function of elastic cartilage
flexible
where is simple columnar epithelium found
lining of digestive tract
where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found
lining of respiratory passages
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found
lining of the ducts of salivary glands
describe the structure of stratified squamous epithelium
multiple layers of flattened cells.
5 functions of epithelial tissues
protection secretion absorption excretion sensory reception
function of epithelial tissue
protective covering; secrete & absorb
what is the functions of adipose tissue
protects abdominal organs and is designed to store fat
cells in a tissue are (similar, dissimilar)
similar
forms linings of stomach and intestines
simple columnar epithelium
nuclei located near basement membrane
simple columnar epithelium
lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands
simple cuboidal epithelium
damaged easily (type of epithelium)
simple squamous epithelium
single layer of flattened cells
simple squamous epithelium
what is the function of neurological cells in nervous tissue
support and nourish the neurons
three functions of connective tissues
support, protection, fat storage
function of connective tissue
supports soft body parts & binds joints together
where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found
sweat/saliva glands
describe the structure of simple columnar epithelium
a row of elongated cells whose nuclei are all located near the basement membrane, may be ciliated
describe the structure of simple cuboidal epithelium
a single layer of cube shaped cells w/ centrally located nuclei
which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is (are) true: a. epithelial tissue has no blood vessels b. epithelial cells reproduce slowly c. epithelial cells are nourished by substances diffusing from connective tissues d. Injuries to epithelial tissue heal rapidly as new cells replace damaged cells
a, c, d
a specialized form of connective tissue
adipose tissue
cells greatly enlarged with nuclei pushed to sides
adipose tissue
functions as hear insulator under skin
adipose tissue
occurs around kidneys, behind eyeballs, and around various joints
adipose tissue
provides stored energy supply in fat vacuoles
adipose tissue
serves as a conserver of body heat
adipose tissue
serves as a storehouse of energy for the body
adipose tissue
where is simple squamous epithelium found
air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries
lacks blood vessels, replaced frequently
basement membrane
the underside of epithelial tissue is formed of nonliving tissue called the
basement membrane
inter-
between
What are the functions and structure of connective tissue?
bind, support, and connect. Provide framework for organ, fills space in body, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects from infection.
where can transitional epithelium be found
bladder
contains large amounts of fluid and lacks fibers
blood
os-
bone
the most rigid connective tissue is
bone
cells arranged around central canal
bone (compact)
why do bone injuries heal rapidly?
bones have a good blood supply
which muscle tissue: only in heart - single nucleus but is striated, consists of branching fibers that are connected to each other with intercalated disks - involuntary
cardiac tissue
chondr-
cartilage
the function of epithelial tissue is to
cover body surfaces
main tissue of tendons and ligaments
dense connective tissue (regular)
what is the special characteristic of transitional epithelium
designed to distend (stretch) in response to tension
function of stratified squamous epithelium
designed to protect underlying layers
simple squamous epithelium is found where _________ and __________ take place
diffusion; filtration
location of fibrocartilage
disks in spine, knees, and pelvic girdle
location of elastic cartilage
ears, larynx (vocal chords)
where is adipose connective tissue found
found underneath skin and around joints
glia-
glue
mucus secreting ____________ can be found in columnar cells
goblet cells
characteristics of muscle tissue
have the ability to contract-as they contract, they can move body parts.
glands that release entire cells
holocrine
the cartilage found in the tip of the nose
hyaline
forms supporting rings of respiratory passages
hyaline cartilage
forms the flexible soft part of the nasal septum
hyaline cartilage
serous membranes are located
in body cavities that are completely closed to the outside of the body
provides a water proof ability
keratinization
where is simple cuboidal epithelium tissue found
kidney & the ducts of the glands
macr-
large
strat-
layer
what is the difference between a ligament and a tendon
ligaments- connect bone to bone tendons- connect muscles onto your bones
location and function of mucous membranes
lines cavities that open to the outside, secretes mucous, later of epithelium, and loose connective tissues
location and function of serous membranes
lines closed body cavities, covers abdominal and thoracic organs, secretes
the structure of simple squamous epithelium is
made of a single layer of thin, flattened cells
describe glandular epithelium
made up of cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids
function of hyaline cartilage
makes up rings of respiratory passages, provides cushioning, and keeps airways open
example of apocrine gland
mammary/cerum (earwax) glands
a gland that produces a watery, protein-rich fluid like mucus
merocrine
increases surface area of tissues
microvilli
function of muscle tissue
movement
what does involuntary mean
moves without having to think about it
function of mast cells
near blood vessels (fixed), released heparin (prevents blood from overclotting) and hestamine (causes inflammation)
coordination and regulation of body functions is the function of ___________ tissue
nervous
what is the basic cell of nervous tissue
neuron-conducts impulses
describe the functions of the connective tissue matrix
organizes cells- plasma relays info, connects the tissues to the blood supply
where is stratified squamous epithelium found
outer layer of skin, lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal
the intercellular material of vascular tissue is
plasma
what is the intercellular material of vascular connective tissue
plasma- liquid part of blood
what blood cells make the blood clot
platelets
heparin
prevents blood from over clotting
function of simple columnar epithelium
protects underlying tissues, secretes digestive fluids, and absorbs nutrients, processes microvilli
commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the airways
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
what is cartilage
rigid tissue, next hardest thing to bones, heals slowly
what are the characteristics of bone
rigid tissue; tissue contains mineral salts and creates blood cells
examples of holocrine glands
sabaceous glands (oil gland)
examples of merocrine gland
saliva, sweat glands
squam-
scale
the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium are _________ and __________
secretion; absorption
list the three types of epithelial tissues
serous mucous cutaneous
the four major types of membranes
serous mucous cutaneous synovial
which muscle tissue : fibers are long and cylindrical and spindle shaped - voluntary - attached to bones by tendons
skeletal tissue
location of cutaneous membrane
skin
bc of the nature of its blood supply, injured cartilage heals ______
slowly
the three types of muscle tissues are
smooth skeletal cardiac
which muscle tissue: lacks striation, unucleated, spindle shaped - involuntary - makes up internal organs (except the heart), blood vessels, bladder, digestive tract.
smooth tissue
several layers of cells found in the vas defrense part of the male urethra and parts of the pharynx
stratified columnar
2/3 layers of cuboidal cells.
stratified cuboidal epithelium
forms lining of oral cavity, anal canal, and vagina
stratified squamous epithelium
