Chapter 56: American Intersections: Jazz and Blues Traditions

How has Latin American music been highly influential in the development of jazz?

*dance rhythms *percussion instruments

Which is NOT generally regarded as a primary antecedent to jazz? a. African American ceremonial and work songs b. Euro-American vernacular traditions c. parlor songs d. popular dances, ragtime

c. parlor songs

In the 1930s and 40s, early jazz gave way to a. bebop. b. Latin jazz. c. swing, or big-band. d. West coast jazz.

c. swing, or big-band.

Match the musical characteristics of Take the A Train to their correct chorus. *muted trumpet accompanied by saxophones and rhythm section with bent pitches *unison saxophones state the main theme with interjections from muted trumpets and trombones *saxophones play a version of the main theme followed by unmuted trumpet solo *chorus 1 *chorus 2 *chorus 3

chorus 1: unison saxophones state the main theme with interjections from muted trumpets and trombones chorus 2: muted trumpet accompanied by saxophones and rhythm section with bent pitches chorus 3: saxophones play a version of the main theme followed by unmuted trumpet solo

A _______ is a single statement of a melodic-harmonic pattern, like a 12-bar _______, some of which are _______.

chorus; blues; instrumental

Match each characteristic to the blues or jazz style that it describes. *arranged and composed music *small ensemble improvising simultaneously *two-note trademark phrase *laid-back with dense harmonies *three-line stanzas set to a repeating harmonic pattern *cool jazz *New Orleans jazz *big-band jazz *blues *bebop

cool jazz: laid-back with dense harmonies New Orleans jazz: small ensemble improvising simultaneously big-band jazz: arranged and composed music blues: three-line stanzas set to a repeating harmonic pattern bebop: two-note trademark phrase

Which of the following were common forms of musical expression amongst African American communities in the nineteenth century? *spirituals *work songs *12-bar blues *ring shouts *all of these answers

all of these answers

Which is NOT true of a typical blues progression? a. It is 16 bars in length. b. It is 12 bars in length c. The harmonies are standard. d. The number of bars in each section varies.

d. The number of bars in each section varies.

Which of the following are characteristics of big-band jazz? *The music is arranged and composed. *It wasn't very popular in the 1930s and 40s. *Duke Ellington played a major role in its development. *The performances are entirely improvised.

*Duke Ellington played a major role in its development. *The music is arranged and composed.

Which of the following ensembles are classified as "West Coast jazz"? *Gerry Mulligan Quartet *Duke Ellington Orchestra *Dave Brubeck Quartet *Louis Armstrong Hot Five

*Gerry Mulligan Quartet *Dave Brubeck Quartet

Which are true of Billie's Blues? *Holiday sings without embellishments. *It was written by Duke Ellington. *It features clarinet improvisations. *It features trumpet playing.

*It features trumpet playing. *It features clarinet improvisations.

Which of the following describe Billy Strayhorn (1915-1967)? *classically trained pianist *jazz saxophonist *collaborated with Duke Ellington *creator of Take the A Train

*creator of Take the A Train *collaborated with Duke Ellington *classically trained pianist

Which of the following characterize the melody in Holiday's Billie's Blues? *bel canto style *free improvisations *syncopated *pitch inflections

*syncopated *free improvisations *pitch inflections

Billie Holiday's first break into the music industry occurred when she recorded with which white clarinetist? *Benny Goodman *Miles Davis *Artie Shaw *Dave Brubeck

Benny Goodman

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the blues? a. usually twelve- or sixteen-bar harmonic progressions b. melodic pitch bending c. standard chord changes d. two-note trademark phrase

d. two-note trademark phrase

Which of the following are associated with the blues tradition and which are not? *sonata form *12-bar harmonic progression *steel-string guitar *piano *pitch bending *three-line stanza

Correct *12-bar harmonic progression *pitch bending *steel-string guitar *three-line stanza Incorrect *sonata form *piano

True or false: Louis Armstrong was a famous New Orleans pianist.

False

_______ is considered to be amongst the most vibrant and original North American musics.

Jazz

______ is where the fusion of ragtime, blues, and other musics resulted in the development of jazz.

New Orleans

Take the A Train is characterized by frequent call-and-response between instruments.

True

True or false: A "blue note" is created by melodic pitch-bending.

True

True or false: Jazz developed from a blending of West African music with Euro-American vernacular traditions.

True

True or false: Louis Armstrong is credited with the invention of scat-singing.

True

Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, and Thelonious Monk were figureheads of what jazz style? a. blues b. ragtime c. bebop d. big-band

c. bebop

Duke Ellington is associated with a. New Orleans jazz. b. bebop. c. big-band jazz. d. Third-Stream jazz.

c. big-band jazz.

Which statement is NOT true? a. Billie Holiday was the first African American to study at The Juilliard School of Music. b. Billie Holiday made history when she performed with Artie Shaw since blacks and whites were not allowed to perform together on stage at that time. c. Billie Holiday had little formal education and no vocal training. d. Billie Holiday is known for the rhythmic flexibility in her singing.

a. Billie Holiday was the first African American to study at the Juilliard School of Music.

The classically trained pianist who served as an arranger and composer for the Ellington band was: a. Billy Strayhorn. b. Aaron Copland. c. Billie Holiday. d. Louis Armstrong.

a. Billy Strayhorn.

Eighteen-century salves from Africa's west coast brought the ______ style to America. a. call-and-response singing b. scat-singing c. bebop d. swing

a. call-and-response singing

Big-band jazz is a a. refrained style with rich harmonies and moderate tempos and volume. b. style related to cool jazz, with mixed timbres and contrapuntal improvisations. c. large-ensemble style with sections of brass, reeds, and rhythm instruments. d. style known for complex harmonies and virtuosic soloists.

c. large-ensemble style with sections of brass, reeds, and rhythm instruments.

The text of country or rural blues that arose in the Mississippi Delta after the Civil War a. was set to a repeating harmonic pattern. b. All possible answers. c. typically consisted of a three-line stanza. d. voiced the difficulties of everyday life.

b. All possible answers.

Which singer is also known as "Lady Day"? a. Bessie Smith b. Billie Holiday c. Judy Garland d. "Big Mama" Thornton

b. Billie Holiday

The music heard in Congo Square was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT a. syncopations. b. piano accompaniment. c. polyrhythms. d. strong pulse.

b. piano accompaniment.

Ellington's first group was called a. the Harlem Hepcats. b. the Washingtonians. c. the Cotton Club Cats. d. Ellington's Elite Eight.

b. the Washingtonians.

A blues text typically consists of a ______ stanza whose first two lines are identical. a. two-line b. three-line c. four-line d. five-line

b. three-line

In jazz, _______ was an invented word that mimicked the two-note trademark phrase of this new style that was characterized by fast ______ and ______ harmonies.

bebop; tempos; complex

Duke Ellington is associated with which jazz style? *stride *bebop *big-band

big-band

_______ is a style of performance, particularly on a brass instrument, that displays an unrestrained, raspy quality of tone. a. "Shouting" b. All possible answers. c. "Gutbucket" playing d. "Howling"

c. "Gutbucket" playing

Where did slaves meet in the pre-Civil War era to dance to the accompaniment of drums, gourds, mouth harps, and banjos? a. Lafayette Square in New Orleans b. Times Square in New York c. Congo Square in New Orleans d. the French Quarter in New York

c. Congo Square in New Orleans

Billie Holiday's Billie's Blues exemplifies the intersection between ______ and blues.

jazz

Match the characteristics of Holiday's Billie's Blues to their correct musical elements. *12-bar blues *voice with trumpet, clarinet, piano, guitar, string bass, and drums *triple meter *polyphonic *repeated progressions (I-IV-I-V-I) for each chorus *performing forces *texture *form *harmony

performing forces: voice with trumpet, clarinet, piano, guitar, string bass, and drums texture: polyphonic form: 12-bar blues harmony: repeated progressions (I-IV-I-V-I) for each chorus

Match the characteristics of Strayhorn's Take the A Train to their correct musical elements. *woodwind quintet *triple meter *quadruple meter *chromatic *disjunct, with call-and-respond exchanges *rhythm *harmony *melody

rhythm: quadruple meter harmony: chromatic melody: disjunct, with call-and-respond exchanges

Strayhorn's Take the A Train is in 32-bar ______ form, with four phrases of eight measures each (A-A-B-A).

song

Which describes the form of a typical blues text, as heard in the first verse (chorus 2) of Billie's Blues? *unstructured *32-bar form *five-line strophe *three-line strophe

three-line strophe