Chapter 6

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

sebum

In the diagram of skin shown below, where is smooth muscle found?

D

In the diagram of skin shown below, which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue?

G

In the diagram, where are actively dividing cells located?

G

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

G

Which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops?

I

Which statements are true? I The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. II Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. III Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. IV Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

I and II

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer.

Thick skin contains five stratums

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

jaundice

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

male-pattern baldness

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

melanin

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

melanin production

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

eczema

Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factors, like microbes?

A

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, a hangnail is associated with drying of what area?

B

In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair?

E

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer do new cells arise?

E

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

E

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

Eccrine sweat gland

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. I The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light.II When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. III Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. IV Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. V Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

II, III, IV

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)

Keloid scar

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? a. Melanocytes

Sweat glands

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?

The pigment carotene is stored there.

"Goose bumps" are caused by

contraction of arrector pili muscles.

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

corn

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

The skin is known as the _________ membrane.

cutaneous

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

dermis

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

epidermis

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

hypodermis

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale.

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

stratum granulosum

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are

urticaria

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?

A

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area may be missing in thinner hair?

A

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

B

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure illustrates that thin skin is present?

C

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built?

C

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, the area that lacks the stratum granulosum is primarily protected by

D

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, which area is comparable to the stratum corneum with visible vascular tissue beneath?

D

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)?

D

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

Ectoderm.

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

Epithelium is migrating across wound

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue?

F

Which structure would recognize pulling of the skin during stiches even after a doctor anesthetizes the area?

F

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. I Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein.II Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. III Keratin helps protect the skin.IV Keratin participates in immune responses.V Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

I and III

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? I Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. II Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients.III The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints.IV The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. V The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

I, II, IV, V

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? I oil producingII merocrine III holocrine IV thermoregulationV sebumVI apocrine

I, III, V

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

Melanin

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

Reticular region of the dermis

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.

Sebaceous gland

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

Stratum basale

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect

the ability to thermoregulate