chapter 6

Ca will lose 2 Cl will gain 1

Consider the elements calcium and chlorine. C. State the number of electrons that must be lost or gained for each to acquire an octet.

Ca2+ Cl-

Consider the elements calcium and chlorine. D. Write the symbol, including its ionic charge, and name of each resulting ion.

Ca = 2 Cl = 7

Consider the elements calcium and chlorine. State the number of valence electrons for each. Ca = Cl =

Calcium = metal chlorine = nonmetal

Consider the elements calcium and chlorine. Identify each as a metal or a nonmetal. Calcium = chlorine =

left to right bottom to top

Electronegativity increases from __________ to _________ and from ________ to ________ of the periodic table.

MgSO4

Give the formula of magnesium sulfate

(NH4)3PO4

Give the formula of B. ammonium phosphate

Calcium hydroxide

Give the formula of Ca(OH)2

Iron (II) phosphate

Give the name of Fe3(PO4)2

K has 1 valence electron to donate O needs 2 valence electrons Therefore, two K are required to satisfy the octet rule for one oxygen, so the compound K2O forms.

How does a potassium atom and an oxygen atom combine to form an ionic compound?

18

How many electrons does an ion have that has 16 protons and a -2 charge?

23

How many electrons does an ion have that has 26 protons and a +3 charge?

2

How many electrons must be gained by oxygen (O) to achieve an octet in its valence shell?

Calcium is donating its electrons, not gaining any

In the following ionic compound, Calcium chloride (CaCl2), how many electrons must calcium gain to fill its octet?

true

Metals readily lose one or more electrons to form cations.

the cation, K+, is from Group 1A (1), and the anion, O2−, is from Group 6A (16). The cation, K+, is potassium. The name of the anion is oxide. K2O is potassium oxide.

Name the ionic compound K2O. 1.Identify the cation and anion. 2. Name the cation by its element name. 3.Name the anion by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide. 4.Write the name for the cation first and the name for the anion second.

C: Mg3N2

Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds. Mg2+ and N3− A: MgN B: Mg2N3 C: Mg3N2

A: AlCl3

Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds. Al3+ and Cl− A: AlCl3 B: AlCl C: Al3Cl

B: Na2O

Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds. Na+ and O2− A: NaO B: Na2O C: NaO2

dichlorine heptoxide

Select the correct name for each compound. Cl2O7 1) dichlorine heptoxide 2) dichlorine oxide 3) chlorine heptoxide

phosphorus oxide

Select the correct name for each compound. P2O5 1) phosphorus oxide 2) phosphorus pentoxide 3) diphosphorus pentoxide

silicon tetrachloride

Select the correct name for each compound. SiCl4 1) silicon chloride 2) tetrasilicon chloride 3) silicon tetrachloride

lost

The ion iron (II) (Fe2+), has it (Gained or Lost) electrons?

Non-polar

Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) between the following: C. Cl—Cl 0.0

polar

Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) between the following: N—O 0.5 •

Polar

Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) between the following: H—Cl 0.9

ionic

Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) between the following: K—N 2.2

•occurs when atoms share two pairs of electrons •forms when there are not enough electrons to complete octets

What is a double bond

•occurs when atoms share three pairs of electrons •Forms when there are not enough electrons to complete octets

What is a triple bond

Covalent bond

What is is called when atoms from two or more nonmetals share electrons?

AlPO4

What is the correct formula for Aluminum phosphate?

Fe2(SO4)3

What is the correct formula for Iron (III) sulfate?

non polar covalent

What type of bond/interaction holds CO together?

ionic bond

What type of bond/interaction holds NaCl together?

+ ide ending Potassium iodide

When naming an ionic compound, the name of the metal is written first and is the same as the name of the element. and the name of the nonmetal is the first syllable of the nonmetal name _______ and is written second and there is a space is placed between the names of the metal and nonmetal ion what is example of a ionic compound

he the one published chemical bonding theory and electron dot diagrams

Who is Gilbert Lewis

ZnCl2

Write chemical formulas for the following compounds: Zinc (II) chloride

Fe2O3

Write chemical formulas for the following compounds: iron(III) oxide

NiS

Write chemical formulas for the following compounds: nickel(II) sulfide

N2O3

Write the correct formula for each of the following: dinitrogen trioxide

PCl5

Write the correct formula for each of the following: phosphorus pentachloride

SF6

Write the correct formula for each of the following: sulfur hexafluoride

S2− (The element with 16 protons is sulfur, with the symbol S An ion of sulfur with 18 electrons gives sulfur a charge of 2− The sulfide ion is S2−)

Write the formula and symbol of an ion with 16 protons and 18 electrons.

AlBr3 aluminum bromide

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Al3+ and Br-

AlN aluminum nitride

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Al3+ and N3-

Al2S3 aluminum sulfide

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Al3+ and S2-

NaBr Sodium bromide

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Na+ and Br-

Na3N Sodium nitride

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Na+ and N3-

Na2S Sodium sulfide

Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Na+ and s2-

aluminum oxide.

Write the names of the following compounds: Al2O3

magnesium chloride

Write the names of the following compounds: MgCl2

calcium oxide

Write the names of the following compounds: CaO

yes

are noble gases stable

ionic.

electronegativity values for two atoms can be used to If the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.8, the bond is

non polar covalent.

electronegativity values for two atoms can be used to predict the type of chemical bond. if the electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.4, the bond is

polar covalent.

electronegativity values for two atoms can be used to predict the type of chemical bond. if the electronegativity difference is between 0.5 and 1.8, the bond is

(•ionic if the first element in the formula or the name is a metal or the polyatomic ion NH4+) (•covalent (if the first element in the formula is a nonmetal ) potassium oxide. dinitrogen oxide.

in ionic (metal and non metal) In K2O, K is a metal. The compound is ionic: In N2O, N is a nonmetal. The compound is covalent:

metal

readily lose one or more of their valence electrons to form ions with a positive charge =cations? is that metal or non metal

octet rule; must be 8

valence electrons should have

occur when electrons are shared unevenly

what are Polar bonds

one element lose valence electrons and the atoms of another element gain valence electrons

what are ionic bonds

ions made up of one atom, like Na+ or Fe2+.

what are monatomic ions

Metals

what are the blue

Metaloids

what are the green

Non-metals

what are the yellow

are ions that are made up of more than one atom. Usually consist of nonmetals P, S, C, N or O

what are •Polyatomic ions

Group 1A (1), Group 2A (2), and Group 3A (13)—

what groups are Metals

formed when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of eight

what is Chemical bonds

measures the attraction of an element for electrons.

what is Electronegativity

when nonmetal atoms (group 1A,2A,3A share to a 4A,5A,6A,7A,8A) share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.

when do Covalent bonds occur

strong attraction

when you have a High electronegativity means there is a ________