Chapter 6 Homework

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and________ of the hands and fingers, the sides and___________ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

palms; soles

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, _____________glands,__________________ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue

sweat; sebaceous

The nail matrix is the ______

actively growing part of the nail

The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are

bulb, root, and shaft

Ceruminous glands secrete their waxy substance into the external ear canal. Their secretion is called

cerumen

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

The root and shaft of the hair is ______ while the bulb of the hair is ______.

dead; living

Vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

decrease; less

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

The spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of _____, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together.

desmosomes

The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the ______.

distribution of nerve fibers

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation. Multiple choice question.

eleidin

Sensory reception through the skin is possible because of the vast number of sensory nerve

endings associated with the skin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

Immune cells found in the epidermis are called ______ cells.

epidermal dendritic

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling)

epidermis; redness

Third-degree burns involve the ______, dermis, and ______ layer, which often are destroyed.

epidermis; subcutaneous

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

exocrine

A function of cerumen is to lubricate the

external acoustic meatus

Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands located only in the

external acoustic meatus

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in

granulosum spinosum

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are keratinocytes and the protein they produce is called

keratin

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are the __________.

keratinocytes

During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair

lanugo, vellus, terminal

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the nail ______.

matrix

Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production.

melanin

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

The ultraviolet rays in sunlight are prevented from penetrating to the deeper dermis layer by specialized cells called ______.

melanocytes

When exposed to the sun, the ______ become more active and secrete a protein that gives the skin a tanned look.

melanocytes

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

merocrine

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.

pilus

The ______ of the dermis forms the deeper, major portion of the dermis and extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer.

reticular layer

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

Terminal hair is the type of hair that grows on the__________ , and is also the hair of ______________and eyebrows, the axilla, and the pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face.

scalp; eyelashes

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______

stratum basale

The ______ of the integument has immune cells.

stratum spinosum/dermis

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

stratum spinosum/dermis

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

sudoriferous

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts; hair follicles

Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______

texture; pigmentation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______________, colorations, and skin markings.

thickness

All people, of all skin tones, have about the same number of melanocytes.

true

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true

At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body.

vellus

In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.

vellus

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ______.

vibration pressure cold

As facial skin ages, the skin tends to form ______ and becomes less ______.

wrinkles; resilient

Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.

hemoglobin

When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.

hemoglobin

Two major functions of hair are ______.

protection and heat retention

The ______ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers.

reticular

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood ______ from the periphery of the body to ______ heat.

away; conserve

As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ______ in number and organization, and elastic fibers ______ their elasticity.

decrease; lose

As people age, pigment production in hair follicles ______, and thus hair becomes ______ in color.

decreases; lighter

The ______ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis.

dermal papillae

True or false: Melanin plays a role in Vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity.

false

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum_________________,the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.

holocrine; sebum

Vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

increases; more

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______

keratin

The secretions from sebaceous glands, called ______, are usually deposited into a ______.

sebum; hair follicle

Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as

semi permeable

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is

thermoregulation

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

thin

______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

thin

Corrosive chemicals, fire, and prolonged contact with extremely hot water usually cause ______-degree burns.

third

The delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called ______ administration.

transdermal

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

Cerumen, together with tiny hairs along the ear canal, helps trap ______ or ______ and keeps them from reaching the eardrum.

foreign particles; small insects

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer

protects the body acts as an energy reservoir provides thermal insulation

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins; lipids

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during

puberty

If the body is too warm, the dermal blood vessels ______ so more blood can travel ______ to the surface and excess can be lost.

vasodilate; close

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ______________of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus

Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.

phagocytic

A severe sunburn in which the skin blisters is an example of a ______-degree burn.

second

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine; apocrine

During the process of keratinization, the cell's___________ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus

The sensory receptors in the skin are ______ in number.

vast

Healing of second-degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur

2-4

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

______ is a yellow-orange pigment acquired from vegetables like carrots, corn, and squash.

Carotene

Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the ______ in epidermal cells.

DNA