Chapter 6 Homework
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and________ of the hands and fingers, the sides and___________ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.
palms; soles
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, _____________glands,__________________ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue
sweat; sebaceous
The nail matrix is the ______
actively growing part of the nail
The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are
bulb, root, and shaft
Ceruminous glands secrete their waxy substance into the external ear canal. Their secretion is called
cerumen
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
corneum; granulosum; spinosum
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
dead
The root and shaft of the hair is ______ while the bulb of the hair is ______.
dead; living
Vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.
decrease; less
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
The spiny appearance of stratum spinosum cells is primarily due to the tenacious nature of _____, which function to hold these non-dividing cells together.
desmosomes
The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the ______.
distribution of nerve fibers
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation. Multiple choice question.
eleidin
Sensory reception through the skin is possible because of the vast number of sensory nerve
endings associated with the skin
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.
epidermal appendages
Immune cells found in the epidermis are called ______ cells.
epidermal dendritic
First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling)
epidermis; redness
Third-degree burns involve the ______, dermis, and ______ layer, which often are destroyed.
epidermis; subcutaneous
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.
exocrine
A function of cerumen is to lubricate the
external acoustic meatus
Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands located only in the
external acoustic meatus
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in
granulosum spinosum
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.
keratin
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are keratinocytes and the protein they produce is called
keratin
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are the __________.
keratinocytes
During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair
lanugo, vellus, terminal
The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.
living; dead
At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the nail ______.
matrix
Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production.
melanin
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
melanocytes
The ultraviolet rays in sunlight are prevented from penetrating to the deeper dermis layer by specialized cells called ______.
melanocytes
When exposed to the sun, the ______ become more active and secrete a protein that gives the skin a tanned look.
melanocytes
Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.
merocrine
The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.
papillary
In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.
pilus
The ______ of the dermis forms the deeper, major portion of the dermis and extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer.
reticular layer
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular; subcutaneous
Terminal hair is the type of hair that grows on the__________ , and is also the hair of ______________and eyebrows, the axilla, and the pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face.
scalp; eyelashes
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.
spinosum
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______
stratum basale
The ______ of the integument has immune cells.
stratum spinosum/dermis
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
stratum spinosum/dermis
______ glands are also called sweat glands.
sudoriferous
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.
sweat ducts; hair follicles
Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______
texture; pigmentation
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
thick skin
There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______________, colorations, and skin markings.
thickness
All people, of all skin tones, have about the same number of melanocytes.
true
True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
true
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
true
At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body.
vellus
In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.
vellus
Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ______.
vibration pressure cold
As facial skin ages, the skin tends to form ______ and becomes less ______.
wrinkles; resilient
Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.
hemoglobin
When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.
hemoglobin
Two major functions of hair are ______.
protection and heat retention
The ______ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers.
reticular
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.
tactile cells
The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood ______ from the periphery of the body to ______ heat.
away; conserve
As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ______ in number and organization, and elastic fibers ______ their elasticity.
decrease; lose
As people age, pigment production in hair follicles ______, and thus hair becomes ______ in color.
decreases; lighter
The ______ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis.
dermal papillae
True or false: Melanin plays a role in Vitamin A production and normal vision as well as improved immunity.
false
In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum_________________,the process of keratinization begins.
granulosum
Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.
holocrine; sebum
Vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.
increases; more
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______
keratin
The secretions from sebaceous glands, called ______, are usually deposited into a ______.
sebum; hair follicle
Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as
semi permeable
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
sensory nerve
classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
The major function of merocrine sweat glands is
thermoregulation
______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
thin
______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
thin
Corrosive chemicals, fire, and prolonged contact with extremely hot water usually cause ______-degree burns.
third
The delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called ______ administration.
transdermal
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.
dendritic
Cerumen, together with tiny hairs along the ear canal, helps trap ______ or ______ and keeps them from reaching the eardrum.
foreign particles; small insects
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer
protects the body acts as an energy reservoir provides thermal insulation
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins; lipids
The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during
puberty
If the body is too warm, the dermal blood vessels ______ so more blood can travel ______ to the surface and excess can be lost.
vasodilate; close
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ______________of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
nucleus
Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.
phagocytic
A severe sunburn in which the skin blisters is an example of a ______-degree burn.
second
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine; apocrine
During the process of keratinization, the cell's___________ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.
nucleus
The sensory receptors in the skin are ______ in number.
vast
Healing of second-degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur
2-4
In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).
4
______ is a yellow-orange pigment acquired from vegetables like carrots, corn, and squash.
Carotene
Chronic exposure to UV rays can damage the ______ in epidermal cells.
DNA