Chapter 6: Human Population
Family Planning
A social factor of population where designing a well-thought plan with someone about what you want your family to be like positively influences fertility rates
Poverty
A social factor of population where under developed nations have a strong correlation with increased fertility rates and generally have larger populations
Woman's Empowerment
A social factor of population where women receive education that positively influence fertility rates
Summation
Affluent nations cannot continue to consume at the current rate because resources won't be able to sustain at those levels of consumption U.S top dog in weaponry NOT economics
Human Population
Approaching 7 billion and growing at a tremendous rate (2.5 people/second). Doubling faster due to exponential growth
Per Capita Income
Creates an impact on the environment (generally negative) because the rich use more natural resources (larger footprint), poverty correlates with increased fertility rates and impact, and overpopulation increase potential conflict over natural resources
Post-Industrial Stage
Final stage of the demographic transition model, in which both birth and death rates have fallen to a low level (LOW/STABLE)
Pre-Industrial Stage
First stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history; both death rates and birth rates are high (HIGH/STABLE)
IPAT Model (I=P*A*T)
Formula that represents how humans's total impact on the environment results from the interaction( I ) among population (P), affluence(A), and technology(T)
Technology
Helps us reduce emissions, pollution, waste, and renewable energy, and exploit natural resources efficiently. Not all good or all bad
Populations Births, Deaths, Immigration, and Emigration
How many people in a community were born, died, came in, or left a particular area
Population Density
How the population is dispersed (EX: Clustered near resources)
Demographic Transition
Model of economic and cultural change that explains the declining death rates and birth rates that occurred in Western nations as they became industrialized
Replacement Fertility
Rate a female's children replace them (2.1 - 2 Children to each mother & father) that keeps the size of a population stable. Anything above is growth and below is decline
Growth Rate
Reacher 1 billion in 1800, and it took only 2 years to reach 7 billion (1 billion/12 years). Rate at 2.1%. Population will double in 33 years at that rate (J-Curve)
Transitional Stage
Second stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by declining death rates but continued high birth rates (HIGH=POPULATION GROWTH)
Population Growth
Technological advances, improved sanitation, medical advances, and increased agricultural output are the four major factors influencing _________
Population Size
The actual number of people (Organisms)
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children born per female member of a population during her lifetime Rapid increase is a pyramid, Decline is a lightbulb, and stable is a narrow pyramid
Life Expectancy
The average time a person can expect to live
Population Sex
The ratio of male to female (more females results in more population) About 100 Females to 106 Males
Demography
The study of statistical change in human populations (characteristics) Includes population size, density, age, sex, births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and total fertility rate
Industrial Stage
Third stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by falling birth rates that close the gap with falling death rates (LOW=REDUCED POPULATION GROWTH)
Affluence
Wealthier nations/people utilize more resources for consumer goods/lifestyle
Population Age
What is the general % of old, young, and reproductive people in a population
Population Growth Problems
Where will we put an extra 7 billion people? Not enough land for crops (food), or housing. Will we have enough clean water for agriculture and/or drinking (droughts in Midwest getting more consistant)
