Chapter 6: Integumentary System SmartBook

Match the structure with the labels on the given picture of skin: B

arrector pili muscle

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

benign

During the process of keratinization, the cell's and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die

nucleus

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. Instructions: B

papillary layer

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

Sudoriferous

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

cholecalciferol

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

deep; collagen fibers

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape

dehydration

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.

exocytosis

sebaceous glands are an example of glands that secrete and are stimulated by

holocrine; sebum; hormones

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands

simple, coiled, and tubular

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

skin, liver, kidney

Match the structure with the labels on the given picture of skin: D

apocrine sweat gland

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

epidermis

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

fingerprints

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum , the process of keratinization begins

granulosum

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

keratinization

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are and the protein they produce is called

keratinocytes; keratin

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

merocrine

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram: B

merocrine sweat duct

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram: A

merocrine sweat gland

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins; lipids

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

scar

Match the structure with the labels on the given picture of skin: C

sebaceous gland

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal in the epidermis and the relative of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument

strata; thickness

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

Match the letter with the epidermal strata: E

stratum basale

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

thermoregulation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are , colorations, and skin markings

thickness

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

provides thermal insulation, protects the body, acts as an energy reservoir

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during ______.

puberty

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. Instructions: D

reticular layer

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram: C

sebaceous gland

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

spinosum granulosum

Match the letter with the epidermal strata: A

stratum crneum

Match the letter with the epidermal strata: C

stratum granulosum

Match the letter with the epidermal strata: B

stratum lucidum

Match the letter with the epidermal strata: D

stratum spinosum

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. Instructions: E

subcutaneous layer

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts; hair follicles

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, glands, glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue

sweat; sebaceous

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

thin

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

transpiration

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true; spiny appearance is how they got their name

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true; there are variations of epidermal thickness and coloration over the body

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

true; this is the general process of tissue repair

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about weeks. The dead, keratinized cess usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about month following their formation.

2; 2; 1

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. Instructions: C

dermis

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

Match the letter to the appropriate integument layer. Instructions: A

epidermis

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

epidermis; dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis; redness

Match the structure with the labels on the given picture of skin: A

hair follicle

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine; apocrine

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the of keratinocytes from UV radiation

nucleus

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram: D

apocrine sweat gland

______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Thin