CHAPTER 6: Motivation and Job Design

Job enrichment

Also called vertical loading to increase job depth

Temporary Part-time Work

An employee is classified as temporary and works less than the standard 40-hour work week

Training

An important benefit of job rotation

Process Re-engineering

Analysis, streamlining, and reconfiguration of actions and tasks required to reach a work goal

Compressed Work Week

Any scheduling of work that allows a full-time job to be completed in fewer than the standard five days.

Motivating Potential Score (MPS)

Degree to which the job is capable of motivating people

Permanent Part-time Work

Employee is considered permanent member of the workplace but contributes fewer hours than the standard 40-hour work week

Context satisfaction

Extent to which an employee is satisfied with aspects of the work setting such as salary levels, quality of supervision, relationships with co-workers, and working conditions

Autonomy

Gives the employee substantial freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling the work and determining the procedures used in carrying it out

Job rotation

Horizontal-loading approach, increases task variety by periodically shifting workers among jobs involving different tasks

Job enlargement

Increases job breadth by having the worker perform more and different tasks, but all the same level of responsibility and challenge

Job enlargement

Increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks that were previously assigned to separate workers

Sociotechnical Systems

Indicates the importance of integrating people and technology to create high performance work systems

Social Information Processing Theory

Individual needs, task perceptions, and reactions are a result of socially constructed realities.

Virtual Office

Individual works literally "from the road" and while traveling from place to place or from customer to customer by car or airplane

Job enlargement

It is also called horizontal loading

Job enrichment

The practice of enhancing job content by building into it more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, and personal growth

Job Design

The process through which managers plan and specify job tasks and the work arrangements that allow them to be accomplished

Work sharing

This occurs when workers agree to cut back on the number of hours they work in order to protect against layoffs

Automation

Using a machine to do work previously accomplished by humans

Telecommuting

Work done at home or in a remote location via the use of computers and advanced telecommunications linkages with a central office or other employment locations

Flexiplace

Working most of the time from a home office and coming into IBM corporate offices only for special meetings

Job feedback

Carrying out the work activities provides direct and clear information to the employee regarding how well the job has been done

Flexible Working Hours

Daily choice in the timing of their work commitments

Growth-need Strength

Degree to which a person desires the opportunity for self-direction, learning, and personal accomplishment at work

Compressed Work Week

Additional time off is a major feature of this schedule

Skill Variety

A job includes variety of different activities and involves the use of a number of different skills and talents

Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Adaptive computer-based technologies abd integrated job designs are used to shift work easily and quickly among alternative products

Task significance

Job is important and involves a meaningful contribution to the organization or society in general

Task identity

Job requires completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work, one that involves doing a job from beginning to end with a variable outcome

Job Sharing

One full-time job is assigned to two or more persons who then divide the work according to agreed-upon procedures

Knowledge and skill

People whose capabilities fit the demands of enriched jobs are predicted to feel good about them and perform well.

Motivation and Performance

Person + Job fit

Job Characteristics Model

Skill Variety Task Identity Task Significance Autonomy Job Feedback

MPS

Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance - Autonomy - Job Feedback

Job simplification

Standardizes work procedures and employs people in clearly defined and highly specialized tasks.

Hoteling

Temporary offices are reserved for these workers during the time they visit the main office