CHAPTER 6: Motivation and Job Design
Job enrichment
Also called vertical loading to increase job depth
Temporary Part-time Work
An employee is classified as temporary and works less than the standard 40-hour work week
Training
An important benefit of job rotation
Process Re-engineering
Analysis, streamlining, and reconfiguration of actions and tasks required to reach a work goal
Compressed Work Week
Any scheduling of work that allows a full-time job to be completed in fewer than the standard five days.
Motivating Potential Score (MPS)
Degree to which the job is capable of motivating people
Permanent Part-time Work
Employee is considered permanent member of the workplace but contributes fewer hours than the standard 40-hour work week
Context satisfaction
Extent to which an employee is satisfied with aspects of the work setting such as salary levels, quality of supervision, relationships with co-workers, and working conditions
Autonomy
Gives the employee substantial freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling the work and determining the procedures used in carrying it out
Job rotation
Horizontal-loading approach, increases task variety by periodically shifting workers among jobs involving different tasks
Job enlargement
Increases job breadth by having the worker perform more and different tasks, but all the same level of responsibility and challenge
Job enlargement
Increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks that were previously assigned to separate workers
Sociotechnical Systems
Indicates the importance of integrating people and technology to create high performance work systems
Social Information Processing Theory
Individual needs, task perceptions, and reactions are a result of socially constructed realities.
Virtual Office
Individual works literally "from the road" and while traveling from place to place or from customer to customer by car or airplane
Job enlargement
It is also called horizontal loading
Job enrichment
The practice of enhancing job content by building into it more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, and personal growth
Job Design
The process through which managers plan and specify job tasks and the work arrangements that allow them to be accomplished
Work sharing
This occurs when workers agree to cut back on the number of hours they work in order to protect against layoffs
Automation
Using a machine to do work previously accomplished by humans
Telecommuting
Work done at home or in a remote location via the use of computers and advanced telecommunications linkages with a central office or other employment locations
Flexiplace
Working most of the time from a home office and coming into IBM corporate offices only for special meetings
Job feedback
Carrying out the work activities provides direct and clear information to the employee regarding how well the job has been done
Flexible Working Hours
Daily choice in the timing of their work commitments
Growth-need Strength
Degree to which a person desires the opportunity for self-direction, learning, and personal accomplishment at work
Compressed Work Week
Additional time off is a major feature of this schedule
Skill Variety
A job includes variety of different activities and involves the use of a number of different skills and talents
Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Adaptive computer-based technologies abd integrated job designs are used to shift work easily and quickly among alternative products
Task significance
Job is important and involves a meaningful contribution to the organization or society in general
Task identity
Job requires completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work, one that involves doing a job from beginning to end with a variable outcome
Job Sharing
One full-time job is assigned to two or more persons who then divide the work according to agreed-upon procedures
Knowledge and skill
People whose capabilities fit the demands of enriched jobs are predicted to feel good about them and perform well.
Motivation and Performance
Person + Job fit
Job Characteristics Model
Skill Variety Task Identity Task Significance Autonomy Job Feedback
MPS
Skill Variety + Task Identity + Task Significance - Autonomy - Job Feedback
Job simplification
Standardizes work procedures and employs people in clearly defined and highly specialized tasks.
Hoteling
Temporary offices are reserved for these workers during the time they visit the main office