Chapter 6 Nutrition
cholecystokinin
hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
lipoprotein
A chylomicron is a type of
no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain.
A saturated fatty acid has
2
After her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16%. This level is ___ times the legal limit.
have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should
level of caffeine consumption
Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's
canned sardines
Brett eats _____ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
HDL cholesterole= 31mg/dl Elevated C-reactive protein levels smoking inactivity
CV risk factors
butter and beef
Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of
found only in animal foods
Cholesterol is
add taste and contribute to "mouth feel".
Fats in foods
homocysteine
Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.
possibly marker for cardiovascular disease
Homocysteine is a(n)
provide energy
In the body, lipids
provide insulation against cold temperatures.
In the body, lipids
transport lipids in the bloodstream.
Lipoproteins
tobacco use
Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include
are partially water soluble.
Phospholipids
Nutrition Facts panel
Sari would like to compare the cholesterol contents of canned tuna. She should read the ___ on the products' labels.
saturated
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ______ fatty acids.
Steroid hormones
The body uses cholesterol to make
Vitamin D
The body uses cholesterol to make
prostaglandins
The body uses essential fatty acids to make
bile
The liver recycles bile salts to make new
bile
The liver uses cholesterol to make
storing fat
The primary function of an adipose cell is
small intestine
The primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the
a by-product of the hydrogenation process.
Trans fatty acids are
a binge drinker
When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is
Male sex
Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
roast pork
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
Flaxseeds
Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Canola oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?
Liver
Which of the following organs is the main site for detoxifying alcohol?
Liver
Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?
certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.
Which of the following statements is true?
HDL
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
avoid all forms of alcohol
Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should
arteriosclerosis
a condition that results from atherosclerosis and is characterized by loss of arterial flexibility
coronary artery disease
a major form of CVD
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure levels that persist
store triglycerides
adipose cells
homocysteine
amino acid that may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis
alpa-linolenic acid
an essential fatty acid
linoleic acid
an essential fatty acid
hydrocarbon chain
chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms
lipids
class of nutrients that generally do not dissolve in water
bile salts
components of bile that enhance lipid digestion and absorption
pancreatic lipase
digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule
lipoprotein lipase
enzyme in capillary walls that breaks down triglycerides
lipases
enzymes that break down lipids
adipose cells
fat cells; specialized cells that store fat
saturated fatty acid
fatty acid that has each carbon atom within the chain filled with hydrogen atoms
polyunsaturated fatty acid
fatty acid that has two or more double bonds within the carbon chain
unsaturated fatty acid
fatty acid that is missing hydrogen atoms and has one or more double bond within the carbon chain
omega end
first carbon of a fatty acid chain that has three hydrogen atoms attached to it
thrombus
fixed bunch of clots that remains in place
hydrogenation
food manufacturing process that adds hydrogen atoms to liquid vegetable oil, forming trans fats
cardiovascular disease
group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels
triglyceride
lipid that has three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called glycerol
arterial plaque
lipid-filled deposits the form under the lining of certain arteries
micelle
lipid-rich particle that is surrounded by bile salts; transports lipids to absorptive cells
essential fatty acids
lipids that must be supplied by the diet
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
lipoprotein that carries cholesterol into tissues
very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
lipoprotein that carries much of the triglycerides in the bloodstream
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
lipoprotein that transports cholesterol away from tissues and to the liver, where it can be eliminated
atherosclerosis
long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls
lecithin
major phospholipid in food
hydrophilic
part of molecule that attracts water
hydrophobic
part of molecule that avoids water and attracts lipids
enterohepatic circulation
process that recycles cholesterol in the body
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
protein produced primarily by the liver in response to inflammation
monoglyceride
single fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone
cholesterol
sterol in animal foods and precursor for steroid hormones, bile, and vitamin D
emulsifier
substance that helps water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds mix with each other
embolus
thrombus or part of a plaque that breaks free and travels through the bloodstream
phospholipid
type of lipid that is chemically similar to a triglyceride
omega-3 fatty acid
type of polyunsaturated fatty acid
trans fats
unsaturated fatty acids that have a trans double bond
choline
water-soluble compound in lecithin
lipoprotein
water-soluble structure that transports lipids through the bloodstream
Pork steak
Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?
