CHAPTER 6 - POLITICAL CULTURE

Churches, clubs, businesses, and soccer leagues are all elements of __________

civil society

Some political thinkers are concerned about U.S. stability if __________ continues to grow.

polarization

Studies of __________ look for basic, general values regarding politics and government.

political culture

Despite their lack of natural resources, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong have experienced high economic growth thanks to their _________

work ethic and willingness to trust one another

Which of the following individuals would most likely be a member of Nixon's "silent majority" in the late 1960s?

a Republican attending church in Oklahoma

What is one example of a way in which socialization through families and socialization through mass media reinforce each other?

A family sits down to dinner most evenings with talk radio in the background

Why is it significant that California made English its official language in 1986, and in 1998 eliminated bilingual education?

California is often an indicator of nationwide trends

While it is common for governments to socialize through their education system, which of the following countries have engaged in the most overt political socialization in schools?

China and France

Why did the Communist regime's attempt to socialize schoolchildren fail in Poland?

Communist ideas conflicted with the values that Polish families taught

__________ has grown in the political cultures of most advanced democracies

Cynicism

What is one direct consequence of people demanding their "rights" in the absence of a corresponding sense of responsibility?

Demands placed on government become impossible to meet

How does political competence compare with political efficacy?

Political competence is concerned with knowing how to have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have such a political impact.

How does a mobile society contribute to political polarization?

People intentionally move to live near others who share their worldview and lifestyle

Which of the following is a minority subculture?

Quebecois in Canada

Why is declining membership in traditional organizations such as the Boy Scouts insufficient evidence that Americans are becoming less interested in organizing?

Rates of volunteerism and membership in other organizations are still high

What do studies on political culture and public opinion have in common?

Responses are often tracked over time to find patterns

Which of the following viewpoints is most consistent with elite political culture?

Running for office is viable and realistic

What is one reason that distrusting the government can be a good thing?

Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to notice and oppose government corruption

What is one likely explanation for the fact that the 2001 tax cuts favored the wealthiest Americans?

Thanks to their education and resources, wealthy people have both political competence and political efficacy.

How is the United States able to loudly proclaim its democratic values in the face of its history of low voter turnout?

Voter turnout is not an inherently crucial aspect of democratic culture

In any country in the world, which of the following people would you expect to participate the most in politics?

a wealthy business leader

The 1959 and 1960 surveys of 1,000 people in five countries conducted by Almond and Verba uncovered three political cultures. What were they?

a. participant, subject, and parochial

The act of __________ is merely the starting point for political participation

a. voting

One plausible explanation for Quebec's desire for separation from Canada is that __________

bilingualism and multiculturalism can lead to national fragmentation

A subculture can be expected to have __________ than the mainstream culture around it

different voting habits

Most Iranians __________ what they see and read in the Iranian media, which is controlled by __________

doubt; Islamic conservatives

Convention delegates tend to be more __________ than average voters

educated

Governments often engage in overt socialization through _________

education

Which of the following is the strongest source of political socialization?

family

What source of socialization works through the use of parades with flags and soldiers, proclamations of top leaders, and prestigious sporting events such as the Olympics?

government

Incomplete or late attempts to integrate subcultures into the mainstream may cause those subcultures to seek _________

independence

During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, __________ was portrayed as vital to national security

integration

In terms of their political subculture, African-Americans tend to be __________ and __________ than white Americans

less affluent; more liberal

Some scholars, including Robert Putman, argue that watching a lot of television makes people __________ and less interested in civil society

more passive

Case studies have revealed that the United States is much __________ than other industrial countries

more religious

Political culture changes __________

more than was once assumed

The annual income of the average convention delegate is __________ the annual income of the average voter

much higher than

A country's political culture tends to be _________

multifaceted

Lower levels of education, along with corresponding lower incomes, reduce the likelihood that people will __________

participate in politics

Because they can be voted out of office if the people are galvanized, politicians usually work to keep the public __________

passive and quiet

According to Theodor Adorno, a high score on his F-Scale personality test indicates __________

potentially fascist or authoritarian tendencies

Public opinion studies rarely go beyond __________

quantified data, such as poll results

Political culture is a combination of deeply held values and _________

reactions to current events

For centuries Spain was split by __________, creating "Two Spains."

region and religiosity

Elites are wealthier, better educated, and more influential than the average citizen. Politically, elites are more likely to __________ than the rest of the population

run for office

The years of Watergate, the Vietnam War, and inflation correlated with a __________ in citizens' trust in the U.S. government

sharp decline

Surveys indicate that faith in democracy is __________ in the United States than in other modern democracies, such as France and Germany.

stronger

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision by the Supreme Court led to _________

the end of racial segregation in schools

Even if they were real, the Norwegian Americans of the fictional Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, would not constitute a political subculture because __________

they are mainstream

In order to create a mainstream culture in which most Americans feel at home, the United States has relied largely on __________ and its education system

voluntary integration