Chapter 6 prep u questions

A nurse is caring for a client with a complete spinal cord injury that has caused paraplegia. The client is very distraught and asks the nurse, "Are they sure, even with therapy, I will never walk again?" Which statement made by the nurse demonstrates veracity?

"You have a complete injury, which results in a total loss of movement and sensation below the level of injury."

Which best defines value clarification? a. A belief about the worth of something b. A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems c. A systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct

A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems

A nurse learns to adopt behavior modeled by a charge nurse. What ethical principle or behavior is the nurse most likely to learn through this process? a. Standards of practice b. Decision making c. Ethical conduct

Ethical conduct

Which nursing action demonstrates the principle of fidelity? a. Administering vaccines b. Witnessing a client signature on an informed consent c. Filing an incident report after making a medication error d. treating an uninsured client in the emergency department

Filing an incident report after making a medication error

A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe this process? Select all that apply a. People are born with values. b.Values act as standards to guide behavior. c. Values are ranked on a continuum of importance. d. Values influence beliefs about health and illness. e. Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct. f. Nurses should not let their values influence patient care

Values act as standards to guide behavior. Values are ranked on a continuum of importance. Values influence beliefs about health and illness.

When examining values, a nurse notes that one country allows physician-assisted suicide and another outlaws it, making it punishable by imprisonment. Which factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries? a. ethical b. moral c. cultural

cultural

A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that the client did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. Now the client is no longer able to express wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve: a. ethical distress b. ethical dilemma c. Paternalism

ethical distress.

The purpose of a values inquiry discussion with a group of nursing students is to: a. examine problems in the hospital b. alter the group's views on society c. improve the group's image d. examine social issues

examine social issues

To practice ethically, the nurse should avoid: a. allow views of past cases to guide nursing practice b. allow the views of clients and their families to guide nursing practice c. allowing the nurse's own personal judgment to guide practice.

allowing the nurse's own personal judgment to guide practice.

The nurse has been educating a young adult client about living with type 1 diabetes and the importance of adhering to a strict dietary regimen. The client is repeatedly admitted and is not following the prescribed plan. What statement made by the nurse may facilitate values clarification for the client? a. " Tell me how I can help you" b. " If you do not follow orders you will die" c. "Rank the three most important things in your life."

"Rank the three most important things in your life."

A charge nurse has implemented staff education on nursing values. The nurse would determine that further education is required when which statement(s) are overheard? Select all that apply. a. "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code." b. "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." c. "If you are going to have extramarital sex, please protect yourself by using a condom." d. "I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption."

"If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code." "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." "I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption."

A nurse has completed 4 hours of an 8-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when the nursing supervisor calls. The nursing supervisor directs the nurse to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that the nurse has been busy with client assignments and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem? a. Conflicts concerning new technology b. Advocacy in a market-driven environment c. Allocation of scarce nursing resources

Allocation of scarce nursing resources

Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? a. Care-based ethics b. Principle-based ethics c. Deontology d. Utilitarianism

Care-based ethics

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which nursing actions demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude? Select all that apply.

Notifying the client before leaving for lunch Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Listening to the client tell stories about past experiences Explaining all nursing procedures clearly

A pediatric nurse is assessing a 5-year-old boy who has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His parents tell the nurse that they want him to value good nutritional habits, so they decide to deprive him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value transmission? Modeling Moralizing Laissez-faire Rewarding and punishing

Rewarding and punishing

A hospice nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage cancer. What action demonstrates this nurse's commitment to the principle of autonomy? The nurse helps the patient prepare a durable power of attorney document. The nurse gives the patient undivided attention when listening to concerns. The nurse keeps a promise to provide a counselor for the patient. The nurse competently administers pain medication to the patient.

The nurse helps the patient prepare a durable power of attorney document

Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline? a. The nurse makes decisions for clients who are uninformed concerning the client's rights and opportunities b. The nurse values the loyalty to an employing institution or to a colleague over the commitment to the client c. They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

What are standards for decision-making that endure for a significant time in one's life? a. Values b. Beliefs c. Morals

Values

A nurse who is working in a hospital setting uses value clarification to help understand the values that motivate patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the process of values clarification? Select all that apply a. A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer. b. A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds. c. A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related myocardial infarction. d. A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine. e. A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year. f. A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon.

A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon.

A hospital owned by a Catholic order of nuns will not allow tubal ligations to be performed. This is considered to be:

institutional policy.

An older nurse asks a younger coworker why the new generation of nurses just aren't ethical anymore. Which reply reflects the BEST understanding of moral development? a. "Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code." b. "I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the ethics are new!" c. "Ethics is genetically determined...it's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had." d. "I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like this!"

"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code."

The foundation for decisions about resource allocation throughout a society or group is based on the ethical principle of: a. justice b. veracity c. autonomy

justice

A student nurse begins a clinical rotation in a long-term care facility and quickly realizes that certain residents have unmet needs. The student wants to advocate for these residents. Which statements accurately describe this concept? Select all that apply. a. Advocacy is the protection and support of another's rights. b. Patient advocacy is primarily performed by nurses. c. Patients with special advocacy needs include the very young and the older adult, those who are seriously ill, and those with disabilities. d. Nurse advocates make good health care decisions for patients and residents. e. Nurse advocates do whatever patients and residents want. f. Effective advocacy may entail becoming politically active

Advocacy is the protection and support of another's rights. Patients with special advocacy needs include the very young and the older adult, those who are seriously ill, and those with disabilities. Effective advocacy may entail becoming politically active.

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision? a. Justice b. Autonomy c. Confidentiality

Autonomy

A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle?

Autonomy

A nurse who provides the information and support that clients and their families need to make the decision that is right for them is practicing what principle of bioethics?

Autonomy

Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy? a. Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed b. Changing a dressing wound when necessary c. Administering a patients moring insulin before breakfast

Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed

A nurse wants to call an ethics consult to clarify treatment goals for a patient no longer able to speak for himself. The nurse believes his dying is being prolonged painfully. The patient's doctor threatens the nurse with firing if the nurse raises questions about the patient's care or calls the consult. What ethical conflict is this nurse experiencing? Ethical uncertainty Ethical distress Ethical dilemma Ethical residue

Ethical distress

knowing the correct action but being unable to perform it due to constraints is defines as

Ethical distress

Which statement best conveys the concept of ethical agency? a. Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured. b. Ethical practice is best learned and fostered by surrounding oneself with people who exhibit ethical character c. A nurses understanding of ethical agency is best learned through years of practice

Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured.

A nurse is providing care to a client and is preparing the client for breakfast. The nurse assists the client out of bed to the chair and then helps the client open the items on the breakfast tray. The client begins to eat breakfast. The nurse tells the client, "I'll be back in about 10 minutes to check on you. In the meantime, here is your call light in case you need me." About 10 minutes later, the nurse returns to check on the client. The nurse is demonstrating which ethical principle? a. Fidelity b. Autonomy c. Justice

Fidelity

A nurse states to the client that the nurse will keep the client free of pain. However, the client's family wishes to try a treatment to prolong the client's life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle? a. Fidelity b. Autonomy c. Justice

Fidelity

A nurse incorporates the "five values that epitomize the caring professional nurse" (identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing) into a home health care nursing practice. Which attribute is best described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice? a. Altruism b. Autonomy c. Human dignity d. Integrity

Integrity

A nurse reports to the charge nurse that a client medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the nurse demonstrating? a. Altruism b. Integrity c. Justice d. Autonomy

Integrity

The nurse beginning practice would like to access the standards for ethical practice. Which organization should the nurse research for these standards?

International Council of Nurses

A nurse works in a nursing care facility that has a policy of regularly using restraints on clients that the nurse believes is unethical. However, the nurse feels obligated to follow the policy because of a fear of being fired. This is an example of which type of ethical situation? a. Moral distress b. Ethical dilemma c. Conscientious objection

Moral distress

The nurse is reviewing charges to clients for surgical procedures and observes different charges dependent upon insurance status. The nurse immediately reports this bias in charges to the supervisor for action. What principle of bioethics is the nurse demonstrating? a. Justice b. Fidelity c. Beneficence

Justice. When recognizing and addressing subtle instances of bias and discrimination, the bioethical principle of justice is being practiced

A parent of a 17-year-old high school student is allowing the child to decide which college the child will attend. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "You will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying?

Laissez-faire

A parent of a 17-year-old high school student is allowing the child to decide which college the child will attend. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "You will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying? a. Responsible choice b. Modeling c. Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire

The nurse is managing the care for a postoperative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy? a. Limiting visitors due to the client reporting pain b. Changing the channel on the television c. Administering pain medication when the clients pain is as a 9

Limiting visitors due to the client reporting pain

Which action most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice? a. Ensuring that s hospital's client is culturally acceptable b. Answering a client's questions about their treatment c. Lobbying for an expansion of healthcare resources and benefits to those in poverty

Lobbying for an expansion of healthcare resources and benefits to those in poverty

The nurse has identified an ethical dilemma that has the potential to interfere with a client receiving optimal care. The nurse discussed this issue with the charge nurse on the unit. What action should the nurse choose next? a. Monitor for resolution of the problem. b. Inform the family the problem has been reported c. Report the issue to the hospital medical director

Monitor for resolution of the problem.

A home health nurse performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail older adult to prevent harm to the patient. The nurse's action reflects which principle of bioethics? Autonomy Beneficence Justice Fidelity Nonmaleficence

Nonmaleficence

A nurse who is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accidentally gets a cut while debriding a wound, exposing the client to possible HIV infection. Failure of the nurse to report this incident violates which ethical principles? Select all that apply. a. Nonmaleficence b. Veracity c. Autonomy d. Fidelity e. Justice

Nonmaleficence Veracity Fidelity

A home care nurse visits a client who is confined to bed and is cared for by an adult child with substance use disorder. The home is cluttered and unclean, and the nurse notes that the client is wet with urine, has dried feces on the buttocks, and shows signs of dehydration. After caring for the client, the nurse contacts the health care provider and reports the incident to Adult Protective Services. What ethical principle is the nurse practicing? a. Justice b. Autonomy c. Nonmaleficence

Nonmaleficence. The principle of nonmaleficence means to avoid doing harm, to remove harm, and to prevent harm

A nurse caring for patients in an institutional setting expresses a commitment to social justice. What action best exemplifies this attribute? Providing honest information to patients and the public Promoting universal access to health care Planning care in partnership with patients Documenting care accurately and honestly

Promoting universal access to health care

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent? a. Ethical decision making b. Shared decision making c. paternalist model

Shared decision making

When analyzing an ethical dilemma according to the ethical framework, what is most important for the nurse to take into consideration? a. Decision making b. Standard of conduct c. The relationship between laws and values

Standard of conduct

Which is the best definition of ethics? a. The informal, systematic study of moral beliefs b. The adherence to formal personal beliefs c. The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs

A nurse uses the utilitarian action-guiding theory when deciding how to handle the following ethical conflict: A 13-year-old client with anorexia refuses to eat food despite slowly starving to death. The parents insist that the nurse use a feeding tube to feed the client. Which statement is an example of this theory in practice? a. The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the client's life. b. The nurse believes that force-feeding a client violates the principles of autonomy and nonmaleficence. c. The nurse withholds feeding because the client isn't hungru

The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the client's life.

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on: a. morals b. values c. roles

Values. Because values guide one's practices and roles, the most significant effect of socialization into nursing would be its effect on values

An oncology client in an outpatient chemotherapy clinic asks several questions regarding care and treatment. The nurse explains the clinic's routine, typical side effects of the chemotherapy, and ways to decrease the number of side effects experienced. Which characteristic is the nurse demonstrating? a. Fidelity b. Veracity c. Autonomy

Veracity

A client is brought to the emergency department by an adult child, who states, "I am unable to care for my parent anymore. Although I would like to, financially and physically I cannot do it anymore." What ethical problem is the adult child experiencing? a. Dilemma b. Uncertainty c. moral distress

moral distress

What is likely to have the greatest influence on an adolescent's formation of values during this developmental stage? a. parents b. peers c. teachers d. awareness of other cultures

peers

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have: a. personal values. b. Moral agency c. Ethics

personal values.

The nurse is engaged in dialogue with a client in an effort to identify the client's values. Value systems are often formally embedded and integrated into: a. activity b. religion f. work

religion

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the cardiac unit and observes cigarettes in the client's belongings. The nurse asks the client to consider the client's health and that of the client's spouse. This is an example of: a. Moral distress b. Values clarification. c. Ethical dilemma

values clarification.