Chapter 6 quiz

Which of the following involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members?

Corporate culture

Which of the following reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors?

Ethical culture

The ethical decision-making model presented in the text will be able to determine explicitly whether a decision is ethical or unethical.

False

Philosopher John Rawls believed which of the following to be true?

Justice principles are beliefs that everyone can accept.

Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to which of the following concepts?

Obedience to authority

Which of the following describes the situation when subordinates simply follow the directives of a superior without question, demonstrating the influence that workplace significant others can exert?

Obedience to authority

A higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are low is generally created by which of the following?

Competition

Which type of culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies, top management's leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical behavior?

Ethical

A study has found that those with an external locus of control were positively correlated with ethical decision making, whereas those with an internal locus of control were negatively correlated.

False

The terms moral intensity and ethical issue intensity can be used interchangeably.

False

Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture when it is built on which of the following?

Informal relationships

Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower- and middle-level managers face come from which of the following?

Internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules

Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between business ethics and age?

It is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.

Which of the following is an individual factor that affects business ethics?

Nationality

According to the ethical decision-making framework for unethical behavior, the absence of punishment provides which of the following?

Opportunity

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?

Opportunity

Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, which of the following can alter this intent?

Organizational or social forces

Which of the following does an ethical corporate culture need in order to monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees?

Shared values and proper oversight

Studies have shown that within an organization, which of the following will have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor?

Significant others

Which type of institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit?

Social

Which of the following is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred?

Guilt

Normative approaches focus on which of the following?

How organizational decision makers should approach an issue

Which of the following is the last step in the ethical decision-making process?

Individuals' intentions and their decision regarding what action they will take

Which of the following is/are important in establishing a foundation for normative values?

Institutions

Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision-making process?

Recognizing that an ethical issue exists

Which of the following is true of research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions?

Research shows it is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.

Those who have influence in a work group and provide advice and information in both formal and informal ways are related to which of the following concepts?

Significant others

Which of the following has been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior?

The existence of good personal values or morals

A firm's core values provide a blueprint into the firm's purpose as well as how it views ethical decision making and prioritizes stakeholders.

True

In the workplace, an organization's values often have a greater influence on a decision than the person's own values.

True

Organizations are found to make a greater contribution than those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations when they have ethics programs based on which of the following orientations?

Values

The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is known as which of the following?

Veil of ignorance

Familiarizing employees with company values and training them to recognize common ethical scenarios helps them generate _______.

ethical awareness

The relevance or importance of an ethical event or decision in the eyes of the individual, work group, and/or organization is referred to as _______.

ethical issue intensity

People who go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable believe in _______.

external locus of control

What an individual expects to receive from others in the social environment in terms of overt social approval, status, and esteem is referred to as _______.

external rewards

The motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior are part of the concept of _______.

immediate job context

Which of the following are true with regards to organizational factors? (Select four)

1. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization. 2. An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organization help create positive organizational outcomes. 3. Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, ethics, work stress, and anxiety. 4. Just as a family guides an individual, specific industries give behavioral cues to firms.

For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following are usual justifications to reduce and eliminate guilt? (Select four)

1. I need a paycheck and can't afford to quit right now. 2. Those around me are doing it so why shouldn't I? 3. If I don't do this, I might not be able to get a good reference from my boss when I leave. 4. If I don't do this, I might never be promoted.

Values have which of the following characteristics? (Select four)

1. Provides guidance to organizations 2. Subjective and related to choice 3. Used to develop norms 4. Differs across cultures and firms

Which of the following are true regarding institutions? (Select four)

1.Stakeholders closely align with institutions. 2.The regulatory system aligns with political institutions. 3.Competition relates to economic institutions. 4.Personal values and norms derive from social institutions.

How organizational decision makers actually approach ethical issues relates to which of the following?

Descriptive approaches

Which of the following states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society?

Difference principle

Employees who believe they control the events in their lives by their own effort and skill are referred to as having a(n) _______.

internal locus of control

When confronted with an ethical issue, workplace, family, religion, legal system, community, and profession are known as an individual's six _______.

spheres of influence