Chapter 6- Roman Empire

defeated mark antony and cleopatra at actium to become undisputed ruler of the roman world

Augustus

site of roman chariot races

Circus Maximus

person who would take control of the roman government for up to six months during times of emergencies

Dictator

emperor who built a defensive wall in norther portion of great britain

Hadrian

dictator for life and Pontifex Maximus who was assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C.

Julius Caesar

roman name for the mediterranean sea

Mare nostrum

member of the landholding upper class in ancient rome

Patrician

200 year period with flourishing peace, prosperity, and order

Pax Romana

the majority of the population made up of farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders

Plebians

epic poem linked homers work saying that aeneas escaped from troy to found rome

aeneid

visigoth general overran italy and plundered rome

alaric

structures that carried water into cities

aqueduct

supplied water to cities with

aqueducts

why virgil wrote about domes heroic past in the Aeneid

arouse patriotism

scourge of god (hun leader savage campaign of conquest across much of europe)

attila

heresy

belief contrary to official church teachings

priests under the authority of a diocesan leader known as

bishop

veto

block

jesus mission

bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to people believed in him

population count

census

system of law applied to citizens

civil law

emperor issued edict of milan influenced by devout christian mom

constantine

talented general who continued diocletian reforms

constantine

ended persecution of christians

constantine's edict of milan

supervise business of government and command armies

consul

social causes

decline in values such as patriotism discipline and devotion to duty

julius Caesar civil war

defied senate and marched army across rubicon

all christians in an area

diocese

emperor set out to restore order

diocletian

steps diocletian took (3)

divided empire into east and west (ran east himself), fixed prices, forced occupations

application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines

engineering

geographic features of italy that made it easy to unify (3)

fertile plains, gentle mountains, one mass

greek doctor advance frontiers of medical science insisting on experiments for conclusions, created a medical encyclopedia

galen

Social and economic troubles caused by

gap between rich and poor

military causes for fall (2)

germanic invasion and mercenaries

political causes for fall (2)

government oppressive and authoritarian lost support of people and corrupt officials

characteristic roman architecture

grandeur and mighty monuments

blending of greek, hellenistic, and roman traditions

greco-roman civilization

themes historian livy wrote

heroic images of romes past

organization in which officials are arranged according to rank

hierarchy

social and economic problems (3)

high taxes, unproductive land, and poor farmers "slavery"

nomadic people migrated across central asia after wars in west

huns

establishing control over foreign lands and peoples

imperialism

rapid rise of prices

inflation

common basic principles (5)

innocent until proven guilty, evidence clearer than daylight, judges make just decisions and interpret laws, accused allowed to face accuser, accused offer a defense

huge roman estates

latifundia

second system applied to all people under roman rule citizens and non citizens

laws of nations

Roman codified law- made public to all citizens

laws of the twelve tables

basic military unit made of 5000 men

legion

his history of rome sought to rouse patriotic feelings

livy

paul became this when he died for his beliefs

martyr

foreign soldiers serving for pay

mercenary

savior sent by god

messiah

germanic leader finally ousted emperor in rome 476

odoacer

domed temple to all the roman gods

pantheon

exercised authority over other bishops in area

patriarch

overall roman attitude toward christians

persecuted

marcus aurelius

philosopher king

Rome launched series of wars in eastern mediterranean to...

plunder and defend roman interests

head of the roman catholic church

pope

land under roman rule

province

Womens greater freedom (3)

public baths, dined out, and attended public entertainments

Julius Caesar Reforms

public works for jobless, gave land to farmers, more citizenship, and calendar

government with officials chosen by the people ("thing of the people")

republic

D and C's results (3)

revived economy, increased governments power, failed stop longterm decline

improved life in empire (4)

roads, bridges, harbors, aqueducts

make fun of

satirize

rome harsh actions after death of hannibal

still rival

how romans treated conquered people (5)

taxes, acknowledge rule, soldiers, some citizenship, own customs and local government

economic causes (4)

taxes, slave labor, population, poor

women roles in spread of christianity (3)

teachers administrators worked with converts

made christianity official religion of roman empire

theodosius

how christianity grew from judaism into world religion

through work of missionaries like paul

when dictator chosen to rule in roman republic

times of war

two steps Constantine took change course of history

toleration to christians and new capital constantinople on bosporus strait making eastern empire center of power

plebeians own officials

tribune

portrayed romes heroic past in the Aeneid

virgil

germanic people who crossed into rome seeking safety

visigoths

Augustus foundation for stable government

well trained civil service,