Chapter 6 The Skeletal System Herbst
Cartilage differs from bone because it:
-Is *embedded in a firm gel* rather than in a calcified cement substance -Has the *flexibility of a firm plastic* rather than being rigid -*Rebuilds itself very slowly after injury*
Short Answer: List the 4 TYPES of bones with an example.
1. Long bone (ex. Humerus) 2. Short bone (ex. Wrist bones) 3. Flat (ex. Frontal bone) 4. Irregular (ex. Vertebra)
Short Answer: List the 5 FUNCTIONS of bone.
1. Protection 2. Support 3. Storage 4. Movement 5. Hematopoiesis *MS.PHS*
Short Answer: List the 3 kinds of JOINTS with an example.
1. Synarthroseses (ex. Skull = no movement) 2. Amphiarethroses (ex. Symphyisis Pubis = little movement) 3. Diarthroses (ex. Ball & Socket Joint/ Hip or shoulder = Free movement)
There are a total of _____ phalanges in the skeletal system.
56
There are _____ PAIRS of true ribs.
7
Which of the following statements are NOT true?
A baby is NOT born with a straight spine.
An example of a synarthrotic joint is:
A cranial suture
The last two ribs:
Are referred to as "floating ribs"
True ribs:
Attach DIRECTLY to the sternum by means of cartilage.
Osteocytes
Bone cells
The heel bone is known as the:
Calcaneus
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
When epiphyseal cartilage becomes bone, growth *begins*.
Ceases/ Stops
Canaliculi
Connect lancunae
Compact
Dense bone tissue
The 27 bones in the wrist and hand allow for more:
Dexterity
The shaft of a long bone is known as the *articulation*.
Diaphyses
Spongy
Ends of long bones
The *diaphyses* are the end of the bone.
Epiphysis
Distally, the _____ articulates with the patella.
Femur
The longest bone in the body is the:
Femur
Cartilage
Fibers embedded in a firm gel
The four types of bones are:
Flat, Irregular, Short, and Long
The stresses placed on certain bones during exercise *decrease* the rate of bone deposition.
INcrease
In an INFANT, each coxal bone consists of three separate bones called:
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
The *epiphyseal* plate can be seen in both external and cutaway views of an adult long bone.
Juvenile
When a baby learns to stand, the _____ areas of the spine become concave.
Lumbar
The bones in THE PALM of the hand are called:
Meta*car*pals (you use the palm of your hand when using a wheel)
Trabeculae
Needlelike threads of spongy bone
The spinal cord enters the cranium through a large hole (forearm magnum) in the _____ bone.
Occipital
Bone-forming cells are known as *osteoclasts*.
Osteoblasts
Periosteum
Outer covering of bone
The bone that runs along the lateral side of your forearm is the:
Radius
Lamellae
Ring of bone
In a CHILD, there are five of these bones. In an ADULT, they are fused into one.
Sacrum
Haversian System
Structural unit of compact bone
The mastoid process is part of the ______ bone.
Temporal
The shinbone is also known as the:
Tibia
Cartilage in the newborn becomes bone when it is replaced with calcified bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts
True
It is the combined action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that sculpts bones into their adult shape.
True
The epiphyseal cartilage is visible, if present, on x-ray films.
True
When the skeleton forms in a baby before birth, it consists of cartilage and fibrous structures.
True
Which bone is the "funny" bone?
Ulna
Which of the following is NOT a part of the axial skeleton?
Yes: Cranial Bone, Vertebra, Ribs, Sternum No: *Scapula*
Which of the following is NOT a main part of a long bone?
Yes: Epiphyses, Periosteum, Diaphysis No: *Malleus*
Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus?
Yes: Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid No: *lambdoida*
Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?
Yes: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid No: *Lacrimal*
Which of the following is NOT a bone of the upper extremity?
Yes: Radius, Clavicle, Humerus No: *Ilium*
All of the following bones are part of the appendicular skeleton EXCEPT:
Yes: Shoulder, Hip, Feet No: *Chest*
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Yes: Storage, Hematopoiesis, Protection No: *Communication*
The ______ bones form the cheekbone.
Zygomatic
