Chapter 6: Vascular System

B. External carotid artery

The tongue is supplied mainly by a branch from the A. Internal carotid artery B. External carotid artery C. Sublingual artery D. Facial artery

Artery

Type of blood vessel that carriers blood away from the heart

Vein

Type of blood vessel that travels to the heart, carrying blood

Superior Thyroid Artery Lingual Artery Facial Artery Ascending Pharyngeal Artery Occipital Artery Posterior Auricular Artery Superficial Temporal Artery Maxillary Artery

What are the branches of the External Carotid?

1. Veins have valves (Except in the head and neck region, where there are no valves in veins) 2. Veins have more anasomoses (or communications) with each other than arteris do. 3. There is more anatomical variation with veins than arteries

What are the differences between Arteries and Veins?

1. No valves 2. Close proximity to the sinuses of the brain 3. Mulltiple anastomoses

What are the reasons why infection can spread to the brain?

Arteriole

What are the smaller arteries called?

Venule

What are the smaller veins called

Right Subclavian Artery and the Right Common Carotid

What branches off of the Right Brachiocephalic?

The Aorta

What does the Left Common Carotid come off of?

The Aorta

What does the Left Subclavian and the Left Common Carotid branch off of?

The Right Brachiocephalic Artery

What does the Right Common Carotid come off of?

Mitral Valve

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

Semilunar Valve

What is another name for the pulmonary valve?

-Superior and Inferior Vena Cava -Right Atrium -Tricuspid Valve -Right Ventricle -Pulmonary (Semilunar) Valve -Pulmonary Artery -Lungs -Pulmonary Vein -Left Atrium -Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve -Left Ventricle -Aortic Valve -Aorta

What is the path of blood through the heart?

Located posterior and Superior to the apex of the Maxillary 3rd molar, on the buccal side *BQ

Where is the Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) Foramina located?

Pulmonary Artery

Which is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary Vein

Which is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood?

B. Posterior superior alveolar artery

Which of the following arteries anastomoses with the anterior superior alveolar artery? A. Mylohyoid artery B. Posterior superior alveolar artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery

A. Mylohyoid artery

Which of the following arteries arises from the inferior alveolar artery before the artery enters the mandibular canal? A. Mylohyoid artery B. Incisive artery C. Mental artery D. Posterior superior alveolar artery E. Submental artery

D. Superficial temporal

Which of the following arteries can sometimes be visible under the skin of the temporal region on a patient? A. Maxillary B. Transverse facial C. Middle temporal D. Superficial temporal

A. Superior labial

Which of the following arteries is a branch from the facial artery? A. Superior labial B. Ascending pharyngeal C. Posterior auricular D. Transverse facial

A. Greater and lesser palatine arteries

Which of the following arteries supply the mucosa membranes and glands of the hard and soft palates? A. Greater and lesser palatine arteries B. Posterior superior alveolar artery C. Anterior superior alveolar artery D. Infraorbital artery

B. Middle meningeal artery--Foramen spinosum

Which of the following artery and transmitting foramen pairs below is a CORRECT match? A. Buccal artery--Infraorbital foramen B. Middle meningeal artery--foramen spinosum C. Incisive artery--Mental foramen D. Inferior labial artery--mandibular foramen E. Submental artery--Mental foramen

B. Enters the pterygopalatine fossa and forms terminal branches

Which of the following descriptions concerning the maxillary artery is CORRECT? A. Arises from the internal carotid artery B. Enters the pterygopalatine fossa and forms terminal branches C. Arises from the zygomaticofacial foramen to emerge on the face D. Has mandibular, maxillary, nasal, palatine, and occipital branches

C. Drains the maxillary and mandibular dental tissue

Which of the following descriptions concerning the pterygoid plexus is CORRECT? A. Located around the infrahyoid muscles B. Protects the superficial temporal artery C. Drains the maxillary and mandibular dental tissue D. Contains valves to prevent backflow of blood

D. Maxillary artery

Which of the following is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery? A. Superficial temporal artery B. Ascending palatine artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Lingual artery

B. Capillary

Which of the following structures are smaller vessels that branch off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissue? A. Artery B. Capillary C. Vein D. Venule

C. Embolus

Which of the following vascular lesions may result when a clot on the inner blood vessel wall becomes dislodged and travels in the vessel? A. Hematoma B. Venous sinus C. Embolus D. Hemorrhage

B Hematoma

Which of the following vascular lesions results in a small amount of blood escaping into the surrounding tissue and clotting? A. Hemorrhage B. Hematoma C. Embolus D. Thrombus

B. Retromandibular

Which of the following veins results from the merger of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein? A. Facial B. Retromandibular C. Internal jugular D. External jugular E. Brachiocephalic

Because the left subclavian and the left common carotid comes directly off of the aorta on the left side.

Why isn't there a left brachiocephalic artery?

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery--> *Mental Artery *Incisive Artery

-What 2 arteris are the terminal branches of the Inferior Alveolar Artery?

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery--> *Deep Temporalis Artery *Pterygoid Artery *Masseteric Artery

-What are the Arteries for the Muscles of Mastication?

Internal Jugular External Jugular Subclavian vein

-What veins drain into Brachiocephalic Veins?

Middle Meningeal Vein Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein Inferior Alveolar Vein

-What veins drain into the Pterygoid Plexus?

Maxillary Vein Superficail Temporal Vein Facial Vein

-What veins join together to form or connect with the Retromandibular Vein?

Hemorrhage

Large amounts of blood that escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting when a blood vessel is seriously injured

Atherosclerosis

Narrowing and blockage of the arteries by a buildup of fatty plaque

Plexus

Network of blood vessels, usually veins -A large network of blood vessels

Carotid Pulse

Reliable pulse palpated from the common carotid artery

Arteriole

Smaller artery that branches off an artery and connects with a capillary

Capillary

Smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissue

Venule

Smaller vein that drains the capillaries of the tissue area and then joins larger veins.

Plaque

Substance that sonsists of cholesterol (mainly), calcium clotting proteins, and other substances that can be found lining arteries

Vascular System

System that consists of an arterial blood supply, a capillary network and venous drainage.

D. Superior Vena Cava

The brachiocephalic veins unit to form the A. Subclavian veins B. External jugular veins C. Internal jugular veins D. Superior Vena Cava E. Aorta

A. Thyroid cartilage

The carotid pulse an be palpated by emergency medical service personnel at the level of the A. Thyroid Cartilage B. Hyoid bone C. Angle of the mandible D. Supraclavicular fossa

Hematoma

Bruise that results when a blood vessel is injured and a small amount of blood escapes into the surrounding tissue and clots

Thrombus/Thrombi

Clot(s) that forms on the inner blood vessel wall

Anastomosis/Anastomoses

Communication of a blood vessel(s) with another blood vessel(s) by a connecting channel(s)

A. Aorta

For the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the A. aorta B. brachiocephalic artery C. Internal carotid artery D. External carotid artery

Embolus/Emboli

Foreign material(s) such as a thrombus (or thrombi) traveling in the blood that can block the vessel

Inferior Alveolar Vein

-Drains blood the Mandible and from all of the mandibular teeth

Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein

-Blood vessels

Right Brachiocephalic Artery

-Branches off of the Aorta, and then branches into the right subclavian and the right common carotid

Venous Sinuses

-Channels in the dura matter in which blood goes from cerebral veins out through the jugular foramen

Venous Sinuses-->*Cavernous Venous Sinus

-Close in proximity to veins in the face, neck, head, and has connection with the ophthalmic vein and the pterygoid plexus

Venous Sinuses-->*Transverse Sinus

-Connects to the sigmoid sinus

Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein

-Drains all of the Maxillary teeth

Anterior jugular Vein

-Drains blood from the chin/mental region -Drains blood from the cervical/neck region -*Has anatomical Variation* -Drains into the external jugular vein OR directly into the Subclavian vein

Middle Meningeal Vein

-Drains blood from the meninges of the brain

Venous Sinuses-->*Sigmoid Sinus

-Drains into the internal jugular vein

Superior Vena Cava

-Drains into to the Right Atria of the heart

Subclavian Vein

-Drains the arms -Drains into the Brachiocephalic Vein -Sometimes the Anterior Jugular vein drains directly into this vein

Facial

-Drains the blood from the face -Forms or connects to the anterior portion of the retromandibular vein.

External Jugular Vein

-Drains the blood from the occipital region -Drains the posterior portion of the retromandibular vein -Drains into the Brachiocephalic Vein

Superficial Temproral Vein

-Drains the lateral scalp -Connects with the Maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein

Brachiocephalic Vein

-Has a right and left vein where in the arteries there is only a right one -Drains into the superior vena Cava

Aorta

-Largest artery -Comes off of the left ventricle

Carotid Sinus

-Location to take pulse and within this structure, a sensor for blood pressure and also helps to regulate it.

Pterygoid Plexus

-Middle Meningeal Vein, Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein & the Inferior Alveolar Vein drain into this -Located Superior and Posterior to the apex of maxillary 3rd Molar. -Drains into the Maxillary Vein

Maxillary Vein

-Pterygoid plexus drains into this vein (or this vein drains ths pterygoid plexus) -Meets up with the superficial temporal vein forming the posterior portion of the of the retromandibular vein.

Right Common Carotid Artery Left Common Carotid Artery

-Splits into the Internal & External carotid -Carotid sinus located on this -Location to take pulse -With in the sinus, the body is also a sensor for BP and helps to regulate it

External Carotid Artery-->*Superior Thyroid Artery

-Supplies blood to the Infrahyoid Muscles, the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), the Thyroid gland, and the Muscles of the Larynx

External Carotid Artery-->*Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

-Supplies blood to the Pharynx

External Carotid Artery-->*Lingual Artery (*BQ)

-Supplies blood to the Suprahyoid Muscles, the Tongue, and the floor of the Mouth

Right Subclavian Artery Left Subclavian Artery

-Supplies blood to the arms

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery-->* Mental Artery

-Supplies blood to the chin (mental) area. -Travels through the Mental Foramen

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery-->*Mylohyoid Artery

-Supplies blood to the floor of the mouth, and the mylohyoid muscle

External Carotid Artery-->*Facial Artery (*BQ)

-Supplies blood to the lips, nose, soft palate, palatine tonsils, submandibular gland, Mylohyoid Muscles, and the digastric Muscles (both Bellies)

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery-->* Incisive Artery

-Supplies blood to the mandibular anterior teeth -Stays inside the mandible

External Carotid Artery-->*Occipital Artery

-Supplies blood to the occipital region

Internal Carotid-->*Ophthalmic Artery

-Supplies blood to the orbit of the eye and the lacrimal gland. -Does not go into the brain

External Carotid Artery-->*Superficial Temporal Artery

-Supplies blood to the parotid gland, Temporalis muscle, and parietal region

External Carotid Artery-->*Posterior Auricular Artery

-Supplies blood to the tissue of the internal ear

Retromandibular Vein

-The Maxillary vein, superficial temporal vein, and the facial vein come together and connect to form this vein -Maxillary Vein and the Superficial Temporal vein form the posterior portion of this vein -Facial vein forms or connects to the anterior portion of this vein.

True

-There is no Anterior Superior Alveolar vein or a Middle superior Alveolar Vein. T/F

True

-There is no Mandibular artery or Middle superior alveolar artery. T/F

Internal Carotid Artery

-Travels through the carotid canal -Supplies blood to the Intracranial structures

Internal Jugular vein

-Travels through the jugular foramen -Anterior portion of the Retromandibular vein drains into this vein -Drains the majority of head, neck, & brain Region. -Drains into the Brachiocephalic vein

External Carotid Artery-->Maxillary Artery-->*Inferior Alveolar Artery

-Travels through the mandibular foramen -Supplies blood to all of the Mandibular teeth

C. Blood-filed space between two tissue layers

A venous sinus within the vascular system is a A. network of blood vessels B. Clot on the inner vessel wall C. Blood-filled space between 2 tissue layers D. Smaller vein or venule.

Bacteremia

Bacteria traveling within the vascular system

Venous Sinuses

Blood-filled space between 2 layers of tissue