Chapter 6.1-6.5 Bio Reading Quiz 4

Spontaneous reactions have a _____ ΔG. positive zero negative

negative

ATP is a type of _____ and is composed of adenine, _____, and three phosphate groups. protein; deoxyribose nucleotide; thymine protein; amino acid amino acid; thymine nucleotide; ribose

nucleotide; ribose

Which of the choices is an example of anabolism? shivering to generate heat breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate hydrolysis of starch to form individual glucose molecules production of amino acids by digesting proteins combining glucose molecules to form glycogen

combining glucose molecules to form glycogen

As a cat pounces on a mouse, its muscles consume 10 units of potential energy (which the cat previously gained from the food it consumed). However, the pounce itself only required 4 units of kinetic energy. How many units of energy were dissipated as heat? 10 4 2.5 6 14

6

The hydrolysis of _____ is an exergonic reaction that drives many endergonic reactions in a cell. ATP oxygen AMP cAMP carbon dioxide

ATP

Imagine that a researcher tries to reduce the size of an enzyme by removing all the amino acids from the protein except those flanking, and constituting, the active site. Why wouldn't this work? The removal of the amino acids may affect the ability of the enzyme to bind to substrates. All of these choices are correct. Without the additional amino acids, the protein may not fold properly. The removal of the amino acids will likely affect the shape of the active site.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the choices is considered a form of kinetic energy? heat a rolling ball All of these choices are correct. wind light

All of these choices are correct.

Consider the graph. In the graph shown, the arrow labeled ___ represents the activation energy (EA) for the uncatalyzed reaction and the arrow labeled ___ represents the activation energy for the catalyzed reaction. E; D B; B D; E B; A E; C

B; A

Which of the statements is true about exergonic reactions? Exergonic reactions are catabolic. Exergonic reactions are found only in biological systems. Exergonic reactions consume energy. Exergonic reactions have a positive ΔG. Exergonic reactions measure the strength of an ionic bond.

Exergonic reactions are catabolic.

Imagine that several atoms bond to form a carbohydrate, creating a more orderly system. Which of the statements is true regarding the universe after this carbohydrate forms? Both the energy and entropy of the universe increase. The energy of the universe increases. The energy of the universe decreases. The entropy of the universe decreases. The entropy of the universe increases.

The entropy of the universe increases.

In a reaction, enzymes change the: first law of thermodynamics. types of products. second law of thermodynamics. activation energy. ΔG.

activation energy.

During ______, large molecules are broken down and energy is released. anabolism chemiosmosis catabolism diffusion active transport

catabolism

Enzymes in your gastrointestinal tract digest your lunch. These chemical reactions are categorized as: active transport. diffusion. anabolism. catabolism. chemiosmosis.

catabolism.

You have entered a 5K race. As you finish the last 500 meters, your body has converted _____ energy to _____ energy, and has lost some of this energy as _____. heat; kinetic; chemical potential energy kinetic; chemical potential; heat chemical potential; heat; kinetic energy chemical potential; kinetic; heat heat; chemical potential; kinetic energy

chemical potential; kinetic; heat

The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of: conservation of mass. conservation of entropy. lost energy. increased entropy. conservation of energy.

conservation of energy.

The first law of thermodynamics states that: the universe becomes more orderly over time. energy cannot be created or destroyed. there is an increase in disorder in the universe over time. only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP. combustion engines are 100% efficient.

energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Of the molecules, which has the greatest chemical potential energy? glucose carbon dioxide water sodium chloride alanine

glucose

Oak trees are categorized as: chemoheterotrophs. photoheterotrophs. chemoautotrophs. photoautotrophs.

photoautotrophs.

Allosteric inhibitors of an enzyme bind: to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site. to the active site of the enzyme. to the substrate. to cofactors that accelerate the reaction. to a site on the substrate that is not the active site.

to a site on the enzyme that is not the active site.

Carbon-carbon covalent bonds, such as the ones in carbohydrates and lipids, are _____ and have _____. strong; a lot of kinetic energy weak; a lot of potential energy weak; little potential energy strong; little kinetic energy strong; a lot of potential energy

weak; a lot of potential energy