English Unit 5: ANIMAL FARM (Time4Learning)

"All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master. With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat." Which detail best supports the central idea that the animals felt pride in growing and supplying their own food? A."All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork." B."The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be." C."Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food." D."With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat."

"Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food."

_____ is a type of propaganda; claiming that a belief or course of action is popular

Bandwagon

Which statement best explains how Boxer's values differ from Napoleon's in chapter 6 of Animal Farm? A.Boxer values success, while Napoleon values good efforts. B.Boxer values truth, while Napoleon values cunning and deviousness. C.Boxer values teamwork, while Napoleon values independence. D.Boxer values hard work, while Napoleon values power and success.

Boxer values hard work, while Napoleon values power and success.

_____ is a type of propaganda; showing only the positives of a situation and ignoring any of its negatives

Card Stacking

"It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution against this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was not the case." What do Squealer's actions in this passage suggest about his values? A.He values his own comfort. B.He values other animals' opinions. C.He values the pigs' leadership. D.He values the animals' point of view.

He values his own comfort.

_____ is a type of propaganda: exaggeration or overstating for effect

Hyperbole

Why does Orwell use allegory in Animal Farm? A.One, to exemplify the successes of communism in Russia, two, to glorify life under the control of the tsars in Russia. B.One, to glorify life under the control of the tsars in Russia, two, to expose the corruption of the communists in Russia. C.One, to expose the corruption of the communists in Russia, two, to represent the struggles of the labor class in Russia D.One, to glorify life under the control of the tsars in Russia, two, to criticize animal brutality by communists in Russia.

One, to expose the corruption of the communists in Russia, two, to represent the struggles of the labor class in Russia

_____ is a type of propaganda; using common, everyday people to endorse an idea.

Plain Folks

_____ is a type of propaganda; repeating facts, words, or phrases

Repetition

Why do the pigs add "with sheets" to the commandment "No animal shall sleep in a bed" There are 3 answers. A.They are trying to trick the less-intelligent animals. B.They want to justify why they are now sleeping in beds. C.They think that sheets are not as comfortable as blankets. D.The pigs feel entitled to privileges that the other animals do not have. E.The pigs want the other animals to stop sleeping in beds with sheets.

They are trying to trick the less-intelligent animals. They want to justify why they are now sleeping in beds. The pigs feel entitled to privileges that the other animals do not have.

_____ is a story in which the entire work involves characters and actions that stand for abstract ideas or historic events.

allegory

___ ____ is the relationship between an event or action and the resulting event or action in the plot.

causal relationship

____ is the way an author uses particular methods and techniques to tell a story

style

For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. The pigs had sent out a large bottle of pink medicine which they had found in the medicine chest in the bathroom, and Clover administered it to Boxer twice a day after meals. In the evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him, while Benjamin kept the flies off him. Boxer professed not to be sorry for what had happened. If he made a good recovery, he might expect to live another three years, and he looked forward to the peaceful days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture. It would be the first time that he had had leisure to study and improve his mind. He intended, he said, to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. Which detail does Orwell include to support the theme that a lack of education can make a person easier to oppress? A."The pigs had sent out a large bottle of pink medicine which they had found in the medicine chest in the bathroom, and Clover administered it to Boxer twice a day after meals." B."If he made a good recovery, he might expect to live another three years, and he looked forward to the peaceful days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture." C."It would be the first time that he had had leisure to study and improve his mind." D."He intended, he said, to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet."

"He intended, he said, to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet."

There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. Napoleon was so gratified that he left his place and came round the table to clink his mug against Mr. Pilkington's before emptying it. When the cheering had died down, Napoleon, who had remained on his feet, intimated that he too had a few words to say. Like all of Napoleon's speeches, it was short and to the point. He too, he said, was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. For a long time there had been rumours—circulated, he had reason to think, by some malignant enemy—that there was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself and his colleagues. They had been credited with attempting to stir up rebellion among the animals on neighbouring farms. Nothing could be further from the truth! Which quotation best shows the use of irony? A."He left his place and came round the table to clink his mug against Mr. Pilkington's." B."Like all of Napoleon's speeches, it was short and to the point." C."There was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself." D."Nothing could be further from the truth!"

"Nothing could be further from the truth!"

Which excerpt from chapter 1 of Animal Farm is an example of indirect characterization? A."Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together." B."He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance." C."She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with." D."Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did it was usually to make some cynical remark."

"She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with."

Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal. Not even a rat had been killed. They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood, and with one accord they all lay down as though huddling together for warmth—Clover, Muriel, Benjamin, the cows, the sheep, and a whole flock of geese and hens—everyone, indeed, except the cat, who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to assemble. For some time nobody spoke. Only Boxer remained on his feet. He fidgeted to and fro, swishing his long black tail against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. Finally he said: "I do not understand it. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. The solution, as I see it, is to work harder. From now onwards I shall get up a full hour earlier in the mornings." And he moved off at his lumbering trot and made for the quarry. Having got there, he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night. Which detail from the passage supports the idea that Orwell wrote this novel to demonstrate the horrors of totalitarianism? A."It must be due to some fault in ourselves." B."Only Boxer remained on his feet. He fidgeted to and fro." C."Until today, no animal had killed another animal." D."With one accord they all lay down as though huddling together for warmth."

"Until today, no animal had killed another animal."

"Read the passage from Animal Farm. The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. Even when it was resolved—a thing no one could object to in itself—to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. The Meeting always ended with the singing of "Beasts of England," and the afternoon was given up to recreation." Which detail best supports the central idea that Snowball and Napoleon are fighting for power? A."The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own." B."Even when it was resolved—a thing no one could object to in itself . . ." C."Whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it." D."The Meeting always ended with the singing of 'Beasts of England,' and the afternoon was given up to recreation."

"Whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it."

Clover was an old stout mare now, stiff in the joints and with a tendency to rheumy eyes. She was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no animal had ever actually retired. The talk of setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. Which phrase from this passage best shows situational irony? A."Clover was an old stout mare now" B."She was two years past the retiring age" C."no animal had ever actually retired" D."setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals"

"no animal had ever actually retired"

"But they woke at dawn as usual, and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened, they all raced out into the pasture together. A little way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the farm. The animals rushed to the top of it and gazed round them in the clear morning light. Yes, it was theirs—everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gamboled round and round, they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement. They rolled in the dew, they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass, they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent. Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland, the hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney. It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own." Which excerpt from the passage uses imagery to describe the scene? A."But they woke at dawn as usual . . . suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened." B."Yes, it was theirs—everything that they could see was theirs!" C."They rolled in the dew, they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass, they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent." D."It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own."

."They rolled in the dew, they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass, they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent."

How are Boxer's values similar to Napoleon's in chapter 6 of Animal Farm? A.Both characters are motivated by the desire to construct the windmill. B.Both characters are motivated by the desire to have a successful harvest. C.Both characters are motivated by the desire to gain more power. D>Both characters are motivated by the desire to work hard.

Both characters are motivated by the desire to construct the windmill.

"By the late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had spread across half the county. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion, and teach them the tune of 'Beasts of England.'" Which social insight does Orwell develop in the passage? A.Corrupt leaders use propaganda to push their agendas. B.Oppression over many people can be devastating. C.Dystopian societies live by specific modes of conduct. D.Educated people will not give in to totalitarianism.

Corrupt leaders use propaganda to push their agendas.

_____ is a type of propaganda; using names that evoke fear or hatred

Name-Calling

All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. Napoleon himself was not seen in public as often as once in a fortnight. When he did appear, he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter, letting out a loud "cock-a-doodle-doo" before Napoleon spoke. Even in the farmhouse, it was said, Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. He took his meals alone, with two dogs to wait upon him, and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room. It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday, as well as on the other two anniversaries. Which statement best summarizes the theme of this passage? A.It is natural and necessary for a ruler to emerge in a group. B.Dictators often experience lavish lifestyles compared to other citizens. C.Ruling classes will always emerge when there is a void to fill. D.Leaders should have better accommodations and be glorified.

Dictators often experience lavish lifestyles compared to other citizens.

Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in the barn. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. Tomorrow Frederick's wagons would arrive and begin carting it away. Throughout the whole period of his seeming friendship with Pilkington, Napoleon had really been in secret agreement with Frederick. All relations with Foxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had been sent to Pilkington. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinchfield Farm and to alter their slogan from "Death to Frederick" to "Death to Pilkington." At the same time Napoleon assured the animals that the stories of an impending attack on Animal Farm were completely untrue, and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. All these rumours had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. It now appeared that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinchfield Farm, and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living—in considerable luxury, so it was said—at Foxwood, and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for years past. Which statement best summarizes the theme of this passage? A.Leaders always act in the best interests of their constituents. B.Pigs are far more cunning animals than most give them credit for. C.Dictatorships can produce inconsistent belief systems. D.Changing tactics suddenly confuses enemies and ensures honesty.

Dictatorships can produce inconsistent belief systems.

___ is a category in literature with specific elements, such as satire of allegory

Genre

_____ is a type of propaganda; using feel-good language without explaining an issue

Glittering Generalities

"Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of business, but sharp enough to have realized earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having." Which statement best explains why Mr. Whymper serves as an intermediary for Animal Farm? A.He is motivated by a desire for power. B.He is motivated by financial success. C.He is motivated by a sense of duty. D.He is motivated by a desire to help others.

He is motivated by financial success.

"Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," announced Squealer, speaking very slowly and firmly, "has stated categorically—categorically, comrade—that Snowball was Jones's agent from the very beginning—yes, and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of." "Ah, that is different!" said Boxer. "If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right." "That is the true spirit, comrade!" cried Squealer, but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. He turned to go, then paused and added impressively: "I warn every animal on this farm to keep his eyes very wide open. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball's secret agents are lurking among us at this moment!" Which statement best explains how Orwell uses Boxer's response to support his purpose? A.He uses Boxer's response to show the importance and power of free speech. B.He uses Boxer's response to show that propaganda is not always effective. C.He uses Boxer's response to show how dictators control what others perceive to be true. E.He uses Boxer's response to show that total obedience will always be rewarded.

He uses Boxer's response to show how dictators control what others perceive to be true.

How does Orwell use satire to support his purpose in writing Old Major's speech? A.He uses parody to reveal the cruelness of communist leaders. B.He uses ridicule to make fun of the beliefs of revolutionaries. C.He uses parody to make the working class seem silly. D.He uses exaggeration to make communism appear too simplistic.

He uses exaggeration to make communism appear too simplistic.

"The whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. Stone would have to be carried and built up into walls, then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables. (How these were to be procured, Snowball did not say.) But he maintained that it could all be done in a year. And thereafter, he declared, so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. Napoleon, on the other hand, argued that the great need of the moment was to increase food production, and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan, 'Vote for Snowball and the three-day week' and 'Vote for Napoleon and the full manger.'" Why does Snowball want to build a windmill? A.He wants to compel the animals to work harder. B.He wants to increase food production immediately. C.He wants to find a use for the stone on the farm. D.He wants to make the farm run more efficiently.

He wants to make the farm run more efficiently.

"All the animals remembered passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly, but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. Then, as usual, the sheep broke into "Four legs good, two legs bad!" and the momentary awkwardness was smoothed over. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements." What statement best explains the impact of the dogs growling in this passage? A.It illustrates a growing sense of community among the animals. B.It reveals new information about Napoleon in a small amount of text. C.It highlights the ways in which the animals are being silenced and controlled. D.It shows how Napoleon's leadership has progressed in a short period of time.

It highlights the ways in which the animals are being silenced and controlled.

Nevertheless, towards the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. In these days Napoleon rarely appeared in public, but spent all his time in the farmhouse, which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. When he did emerge, it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort of six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings, but issued his orders through one of the other pigs, usually Squealer. How does the characterization of Napoleon reveal the author's purpose? A.It illustrates that Napoleon is becoming more and more like a dictator. B.It suggests that Napoleon is growing more confident and comfortable as leader. C.It demonstrates that Napoleon is working harder than usual to succeed. D.It shows that Napoleon is slowly losing control over the farm and the animals.

It illustrates that Napoleon is becoming more and more like a dictator.

What is the difference between a key detail and a minor detail? A.Key details support the central idea, while minor details are helpful but less important. B.Minor details have nothing to do with the story, and key details do. C.Key details are synonymous with the central idea, and minor details are not. D.Minor details help us understand the author's message, and key details do not.

Key details support the central idea, while minor details are helpful but less important.

Which 3 techniques are used specifically to create satire? A.Mimicry, Reversal, and Exaggeration B.Imagery, Foreshadowing, and Reversal C.Foreshadowing, Exaggeration, and Mimicry D.Mimicry, Reversal, and Imagery

Mimicry, Reversal, and Exaggeration

Presently the tumult died down. The four pigs waited, trembling, with guilt written on every line of their countenances. Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones's secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess. The three hens who had been the ringleaders in the attempted rebellion over the eggs now came forward and stated that Snowball had appeared to them in a dream and incited them to disobey Napoleon's orders. They, too, were slaughtered. Then a goose came forward and confessed to having secreted six ears of corn during the last year's harvest and eaten them in the night. Then a sheep confessed to having urinated in the drinking pool—urged to do this, so she said, by Snowball—and two other sheep confessed to having murdered an old ram, an especially devoted follower of Napoleon, by chasing him round and round a bonfire when he was suffering from a cough. They were all slain on the spot. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on, until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon's feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones. How does Napoleon's questioning of the pigs demonstrate the author's purpose of reflecting reality? A.It shows similarities with Stalin's Great Purge and reveals how dictators use fear to control people. B.It shows how some animals are capable of using nonviolent tactics to gain power over others. C.It shows how leaders blame others for the problems of the society they lead and punish them accordingly. D.It shows how both Napoleon and Stalin used promises of a better life to take control of a group.

It shows similarities with Stalin's Great Purge and reveals how dictators use fear to control people.

"In glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be when sordid labour was lifted from the animals' backs. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers. Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs, harrows, rollers, and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall with its own electric light, hot and cold water, and an electric heater. By the time he had finished speaking, there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him. Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more." "During the second half of the 1920s, Joseph Stalin set the stage for gaining absolute power by employing police repression against opposition elements within the Communist Party. The machinery of coercion had previously been used only against opponents of Bolshevism, not against party members themselves. The first victims were Politburo members Leon Trotskii, Grigorii Zinov'ev, and Lev Kamenev, who were defeated and expelled from the party in late 1927." How does the conflict in the Animal Farm excerpt relate to the events in the historical passage? A.Snowball's quick escape under the hedge is similar to how Stalin was expelled. B.Snowball's ideas about work relate to the Stalin's efforts to gain total control. C.Napoleon removes Snowball for his own purposes just as Stalin removed those in his own party. D.Snowball's dream for the animals on the farm is the same as the dream of the Communist Party.

Napoleon removes Snowball for his own purposes just as Stalin removed those in his own party.

"Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest, giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. As soon as they were weaned, Napoleon took them away from their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their education. He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence." What is the central idea of this passage? A.Jessie and Bluebell miss their puppies terribly. B.Napoleon never agrees with anything Snowball does. C.Napoleon wants to take the puppies away, and the other animals forget about them. D.Snowball and the other farm animals want all of the dogs banished.

Napoleon wants to take the puppies away, and the other animals forget about them.

"Napoleon was a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character." Which prediction does this passage best support? A.Napoleon will be eaten by the humans. B.Snowball will run away from the farm. C.Napoleon will rise as the only leader. D.Snowball will start a new rebellion.

Napoleon will rise as the only leader.

Which statement best explains how The Communist Manifesto relates to Old Major's speech? A.Old Major believes he is the only one who can lead the rebellion, just as Marx believed he should be a leader. B.Old Major talks only to the pigs, showing that he supports class divisions, which also was a communist belief. C.Old Major urges the animals to listen to Mr. Jones, just as Marx encouraged people to respect the upper classes. D.Old Major argues that the animals should unite to create a classless society and overthrow an oppressive system.

Old Major argues that the animals should unite to create a classless society and overthrow an oppressive system.

"Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. . . . . . . They met with many difficulties—for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine." What social commentary about communist Russia does Orwell make with this excerpt? A.Russians faced many challenges and struggles working on collective farms. B.Russians lacked the creative abilities to innovate solutions to problems. C.Russians were able to predict and avoid potential struggles. D.Russians lacked knowledge of basic modern agricultural practices.

Russians faced many challenges and struggles working on collective farms.

Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. When it was all gone, another special meeting was held in the barn for the animals to inspect Frederick's bank-notes. Smiling beatifically, and wearing both his decorations, Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the platform, with the money at his side, neatly piled on a china dish from the farmhouse kitchen. The animals filed slowly past, and each gazed his fill. And Boxer put out his nose to sniff at the bank-notes, and the flimsy white things stirred and rustled in his breath. Three days later there was a terrible hullabaloo. Whymper, his face deadly pale, came racing up the path on his bicycle, flung it down in the yard and rushed straight into the farmhouse. The next moment a choking roar of rage sounded from Napoleon's apartments. The news of what had happened sped round the farm like wildfire. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing! Which statement best summarizes the theme of this passage? A.Dictators are easy to fool because they crave approval. B.Workers in the same industry tend to look out for one another. C.People who seek to deceive others can be deceived themselves. D.Humans are thieves who will do all they can to hurt animals.

People who seek to deceive others can be deceived themselves.

_____ is a type of propaganda; assigning blame for a problem to others

Scapegoating

"Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening, hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag, and slipped out of the farm by another way. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, croaking loudly. Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road and slammed the five-barred gate behind them. And so, almost before they knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs. For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm, as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign." Which detail supports the idea that the farm is a symbol for Russia? A.Mrs. Jones slips out unseen. B.Moses jumps off his perch. C.The animals expel Jones. D.The animals race back.

The animals expel Jones.

"In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful." What is the central idea of this passage? A.The animals are scared to steal. B.The animals work efficiently in harmony. C.The animals wish they had humans to help them. D.The animals do not have time to rest or eat meals.

The animals work efficiently in harmony.

"All the men were gone except one. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud, trying to turn him over. The boy did not stir. "He is dead," said Boxer sorrowfully. "I had no intention of doing that. I forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose?" "No sentimentality, comrade!" cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one." "I have no wish to take life, not even human life," repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of tears." Which statement best explains how details in the passage develop the central idea that Boxer is kindhearted and does not want to harm even an enemy? A.The details show that Boxer is strong and capable of killing humans. B.The details show that Boxer is upset at the thought of killing the boy. C.The details show that Snowball supports Boxer's discomfort with war. D.The details show that Boxer is happy to learn that the boy survived.

The details show that Boxer is upset at the thought of killing the boy.

"The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. The early apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others." What is the central idea of this passage? A.The pigs are resolving to share the farm's resources equally. B.The other animals are starting to plot against the pigs. C.The pigs are planning to eventually expel the other animals. D.The pigs are exploiting their authority and becoming corrupt.

The pigs are exploiting their authority and becoming corrupt.

"The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to Mr. Jones's children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap." Which prediction does this passage best support? A.The other animals will learn to read and write. B.The pigs will become more like the humans. C.Mr. Jones's children will come for their books. D.The animals will find more things in the trash.

The pigs will become more like the humans.

The pigs appeared completely at ease in their chairs. The company had been enjoying a game of cards but had broken off for the moment, evidently in order to drink a toast. A large jug was circulating, and the mugs were being refilled with beer. No one noticed the wondering faces of the animals that gazed in at the window. What is ironic about the pigs' activities in this excerpt? A.They fail to notice that other animals are watching them. B.They had previously planted barley in order to make beer. C.They changed the rules to allow drinking in a limited quantity. D.They prohibited alcohol when they took control of the farm.

They prohibited alcohol when they took control of the farm.

Which conflicts are types of external conflict in a literary work? Select three options. A.a character feuding with a close friend B.a character dealing with feelings of inadequacy C.a character living in a harsh environment D.a character being judged by the community E.a character deciding on the best course of action

a character feuding with a close friend a character living in a harsh environment a character being judged by the community

Which story is the best example of a satire? A.a story in which a character refuses to throw away a broken pen and uses it despite its limitations, where the pen stands for the love of his father B.a cruel ruler who is obsessed with fashion one day finds that his clothes have been replaced with potato sacks C.a story in which a selfish, ornery fox realizes, with the help of a bumblebee, that he can gain more from being kind than from being forceful D.a story in which a silly dog constantly gets into compromising circumstances, such as getting stuck in the back of a truck with a pair of cats

a cruel ruler who is obsessed with fashion one day finds that his clothes have been replaced with potato sacks

____ is a reference to a well-known text, person, event, or thing.

allusion

It was just after the sheep had returned, on a pleasant evening when the animals had finished work and were making their way back to the farm buildings, that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. Startled, the animals stopped in their tracks. It was Clover's voice. She neighed again, and all the animals broke into a gallop and rushed into the yard. Then they saw what Clover had seen. It was a pig walking on his hind legs. Yes, it was Squealer. A little awkwardly, as though not quite used to supporting his considerable bulk in that position, but with perfect balance, he was strolling across the yard. And a moment later, out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs, all walking on their hind legs. Some did it better than others, one or two were even a trifle unsteady and looked as though they would have liked the support of a stick, but every one of them made his way right round the yard successfully. And finally there was a tremendous baying of dogs and a shrill crowing from the black cockerel, and out came Napoleon himself, majestically upright, casting haughty glances from side to side, and with his dogs gambolling round him. How does Orwell use satire to achieve his purpose in this passage? A.by having Clover neigh repeatedly to show a reversal in roles B.by having the pigs walk awkwardly on two legs as an imitation of humans C.by having the dogs frolic around Napoleon to make fun of the pigs D.by having the animals return to the buildings to show a change in fortune

by having the pigs walk awkwardly on two legs as an imitation of humans

____ is the most important idea in a text, supported by key details.

central idea

______ is a struggle between opposing forces or characters.

conflict

____ is a dishonest behavior stemming from the misuse of power.

corruption

____ ____ is a technique in which a character's traits and qualities are explicitly stated.

direct characterization

__ __ is the social, economic, and political conditions that exist in a certain time and place

historical context

_____ is a technique in which a character's traits and qualities are revealed through thoughts, actions, and dialogue.

indirect characterization

_____ ___ is conflict that is between one character and his or her own mind, and that usually involves a tough decision

internal conflict

_____ is the cruel abuse of power, used to hold down a group of people.

oppression

The events in Animal Farm mirror the real-life events of the Russian Revolution and the birth of the Soviet Union. This aspect of the novel is an example of which literary technique? A.irony B.parody C.reversal D.ridicule

parody

_____ is information, often misleading or biased, used to advance a political point of view.

propaganda

___ is a literary work that ridicules or makes fun of human flaws and imperfections

satire

At last, feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find, she began to sing "Beasts of England." The other animals sitting round her took it up, and they sang it three times over—very tunefully, but slowly and mournfully, in a way they had never sung it before. They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, attended by two dogs, approached them with the air of having something important to say. He announced that, by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon, "Beasts of England" had been abolished. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. The animals were taken aback. "Why?" cried Muriel. "It's no longer needed, comrade," said Squealer stiffly. "'Beasts of England' was the song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. In 'Beasts of England' we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose." Frightened though they were, some of the animals might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion. Which detail from the text best shows a parallel to authoritarian governments? A.the sheep's bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad" B.the abolishment of a song from the rebellion C.the defeat of all internal and external enemies D.the establishment of a better society for all

the abolishment of a song from the rebellion

One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens, who had just come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs. Napoleon had accepted, through Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a week. The price of these would pay for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going till summer came on and conditions were easier. When the hens heard this, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been warned earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really happen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting, and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones, there was something resembling a rebellion. Led by three young Black Minorca pullets, the hens made a determined effort to thwart Napoleon's wishes. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens' rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death. The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried out. For five days the hens held out, then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime. Their bodies were buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of coccidiosis. Whymper heard nothing of this affair, and the eggs were duly delivered, a grocer's van driving up to the farm once a week to take them away. Which detail from the passage supports the claim that this is an allegory for the Great Purge? A.the hens holding out for five days but capitulating B.the eggs being delivered to the grocer C.the protesting hens being intentionally starved D.coccidiosis spreading on the farm

the protesting hens being intentionally starved

____ is of or relating to a political system where the government has complete control over citizens and their lives.

totalitarian

Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour. It had not been possible, he said, to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm, but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. And in a few days' time the pigs intended to hold a memorial banquet in Boxer's honour. Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims, "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"—maxims, he said, which every animal would do well to adopt as his own. Which detail does Orwell include to support the theme that dictators care only about themselves and not those they rule? A."Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour." B."It had not been possible, he said, to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm, but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave." C."And in a few days' time the pigs intended to hold a memorial banquet in Boxer's honour." D."Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims, 'I will work harder' and 'Comrade Napoleon is always right'—maxims, he said, which every animal would do well to adopt as his own."

"Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims, 'I will work harder' and 'Comrade Napoleon is always right'—maxims, he said, which every animal would do well to adopt as his own."

"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone. By the late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had spread across half the county. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighboring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion, and teach them the tune of 'Beasts of England.'" Which detail best supports the idea that oppressive leaders use propaganda to achieve their goals? A."The milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone." B."Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons . . . to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms . . . and teach them the tune of 'Beasts of England.'" C."Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back." D."By the late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had spread across half the county."

"Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons . . . to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms . . . and teach them the tune of 'Beasts of England.'"

Which scenarios are examples of verbal irony? Select two options. A.Your best friend is concerned that you are not feeling well. "You sound like you've nearly lost your voice," she says. B.After finally finishing your paper for history, you drop it in a puddle of water. "Oh great! That is just what I need!" you exclaim. C.You are at the zoo when it starts to rain, and the elephants emerge from their stall. "The elephants seem to love the rain," you say. D.Your mom comes into your room and sees clothes strewn on the floor. "I think you're going to win an award for cleanliness," she says. E.You explain to your little brother why you know that Romeo and Juliet will not turn out well. "It says at the beginning that they are star-crossed lovers."

After finally finishing your paper for history, you drop it in a puddle of water. "Oh great! That is just what I need!" you exclaim. Your mom comes into your room and sees clothes strewn on the floor. "I think you're going to win an award for cleanliness," she says.

"To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch, his breath coming fast, the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground, and his great sides matted with sweat, filled everyone with admiration. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself, but Boxer would never listen to her. His two slogans, "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right," seemed to him a sufficient answer to all problems." Which inferences about Boxer's motivations does the text support? Select two options. A.Boxer is motivated by his commitment to Napoleon's ideas. B.Boxer is motivated by the admiration of others. C.Boxer is motivated by Napoleon's dedication to equality. D.Boxer is motivated by his own strong work ethic. E.Boxer is motivated by his friendship with and respect for Clover.

Boxer is motivated by his commitment to Napoleon's ideas. Boxer is motivated by his own strong work ethic.

A cry of lamentation went up. Straw was laid down outside the doors of the farmhouse, and the animals walked on tiptoe. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from them. A rumour went round that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce poison into Napoleon's food. At eleven o'clock Squealer came out to make another announcement. As his last act upon earth, Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death. How does the use of scapegoating support the theme in this passage? A.Even dictators will be mourned by those they oppressed for years. B.It is common for dictators to fear attacks by enemies both real and invented. C.Dictators will blame an invisible foe for problems in order to explain events. D.Most problems are caused by those who have been cast away for causing harm.

Dictators will blame an invisible foe for problems in order to explain events.

How does the conflict that ends in Snowball's expulsion most advance the plot? A.It creates new ideas about what Snowball will do next. B.It propels Napoleon into the position of the new leader. C.It makes it clear why Boxer trusts Snowball. D.It explains why Napoleon is threatened by Snowball.

It propels Napoleon into the position of the new leader.

He did not believe, he said, that any of the old suspicions still lingered, but certain changes had been made recently in the routine of the farm which should have the effect of promoting confidence still further. Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as "Comrade." This was to be suppressed. There had also been a very strange custom, whose origin was unknown, of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. This, too, would be suppressed, and the skull had already been buried. His visitors might have observed, too, the green flag which flew from the masthead. If so, they would perhaps have noted that the white hoof and horn with which it had previously been marked had now been removed. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. Which statement best describes how the passage illustrates a satirical reversal? A.It shows how the original principles of Animal Farm have adapted naturally with the times. B.It shows how the animals have decided together that their rebellion was misguided. C.It shows how angry the animals have become with the way the farm is organized. D.It shows how the original principles and rituals of Animal Farm have been completely suppressed.

It shows how the original principles and rituals of Animal Farm have been completely suppressed.

"Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end. They were unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In future all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs, presided over by himself. These would meet in private and afterwards communicate their decisions to the others. The animals would still assemble on Sunday mornings to salute the flag, sing "Beasts of England," and receive their orders for the week; but there would be no more debates. In spite of the shock that Snowball's expulsion had given them, the animals were dismayed by this announcement. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments." "This tradition of tight centralization, with decision-making concentrated at the highest party levels, reached new dimensions under Joseph Stalin. . . . There was little input from below. The party elite determined the goals of the state and the means of achieving them in almost complete isolation from the people. They believed that the interests of the individual were to be sacrificed to those of the state, which was advancing a sacred social task. Stalin's "revolution from above" sought to build socialism by means of forced collectivization and industrialization, programs that entailed tremendous human suffering and loss of life." How does the conflict in the Animal Farmexcerpt relate to the events in the historical passage? A.Napoleon says that he and a special committee will make all the decisions, just as Stalin and his highest party members made all the decisions. B.The animals are unhappy with Napoleon's leadership style and want to rebel, just as the Russian people under Stalin wanted to rebel. C.Napoleon announces that he will bring together all the farms so that all the work and rewards are shared, just as Stalin took over all the farms for the state. D.The animals have to meet on Sundays to show their commitment to Napoleon, just as the people had to set Sundays aside in honor of Stalin.

Napoleon says that he and a special committee will make all the decisions, just as Stalin and his highest party members made all the decisions.

"Though not yet full-grown, they were huge dogs, and as fierce-looking as wolves. They kept close to Napoleon. It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. Jones. Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. . . . In spite of the shock that Snowball's expulsion had given them, the animals were dismayed by this announcement. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. He set his ears back, shook his forelock several times, and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say. Some of the pigs themselves, however, were more articulate. Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval, and all four of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again." "But under party leader Joseph Stalin, the secret police again acquired vast punitive powers and in 1934 was renamed the People's Comissariat for Internal Affairs, or NKVD. No longer subject to party control or restricted by law, the NKVD became a direct instrument of Stalin for use against the party and the country during the Great Terror of the 1930s. . . . The secret police remained the most powerful and feared Soviet institution throughout the Stalinist period." How do the conflicts in the Animal Farmexcerpt relate to the events in the historical passage? A.Napoleon handpicks the dogs he wants to use to terrorize the animals, just as Stalin personally chose the men he wanted to be in the secret police. B.Napoleon's dogs are loving and faithful to him, just as the members of Stalin's secret police were loving and faithful to him. C.Napoleon's dogs are only a temporary threat to animals who disagree with him, just as Stalin's secret police did not have a lasting effect on dissenters. D.Napoleon uses his dogs to protect himself and oppress his opponents, just as Stalin used the secret police to shut down his opponents.

Napoleon uses his dogs to protect himself and oppress his opponents, just as Stalin used the secret police to shut down his opponents.

When it was all over, the remaining animals, except for the pigs and dogs, crept away in a body. They were shaken and miserable. They did not know which was more shocking—the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball, or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. In the old days there had often been scenes of bloodshed equally terrible, but it seemed to all of them that it was far worse now that it was happening among themselves. Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal. Not even a rat had been killed. They had made their way on to the little knoll where the half-finished windmill stood, and with one accord they all lay down as though huddling together for warmth—Clover, Muriel, Benjamin, the cows, the sheep, and a whole flock of geese and hens—everyone, indeed, except the cat, who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to assemble. For some time nobody spoke. Only Boxer remained on his feet. He fidgeted to and fro, swishing his long black tail against his sides and occasionally uttering a little whinny of surprise. Finally he said: "I do not understand it. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. It must be due to some fault in ourselves. The solution, as I see it, is to work harder. From now onwards I shall get up a full hour earlier in the mornings." Which statement best explains how Boxer's response supports the author's purpose in writing an allegory? A.Orwell uses Boxer's inability to understand the carnage on the farm to show the rising consciousness of workers. B.Orwell uses Boxer's decision to avoid more carnage by working hard to show how the working class was manipulated. C.Orwell uses Boxer's decision to work harder to show that the working class would ultimately succeed in rebelling. D.Orwell uses Boxer's surprise at the carnage to show that the working class realized that they were being manipulated.

Orwell uses Boxer's decision to avoid more carnage by working hard to show how the working class was manipulated.

Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs. A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were NOT in reality short of food, whatever the appearances might be. For the time being, certainly, it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment," never as a "reduction"), but in comparison with the days of Jones, the improvement was enormous. Reading out the figures in a shrill, rapid voice, he proved to them in detail that they had more oats, more hay, more turnips than they had had in Jones's day, that they worked shorter hours, that their drinking water was of better quality, that they lived longer, that a larger proportion of their young ones survived infancy, and that they had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas. The animals believed every word of it. Truth to tell, Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories. They knew that life nowadays was harsh and bare, that they were often hungry and often cold, and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. They were glad to believe so. Besides, in those days they had been slaves and now they were free, and that made all the difference, as Squealer did not fail to point out. Which statement best explains the effect of Squealer's propaganda on readers? A.Readers are glad to learn that the animals are happy. B.Readers begin to expect the animals to rise up in opposition. C.Readers think that the animals are naïve to believe Squealer's message. D.Readers realize that Napoleon is more concerned about himself than the farm.

Readers think that the animals are naïve to believe Squealer's message.

The animals were thoroughly frightened. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence, pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers. In the evening Squealer called them together, and with an alarmed expression on his face told them that he had some serious news to report. "Comrades!" cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, "a most terrible thing has been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowball's rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. It has all been proved by documents which he left behind him and which we have only just discovered. To my mind this explains a great deal, comrades. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted—fortunately without success—to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?" How does Orwell use satire to achieve his purpose in this passage? A.Squealer represents the widespread range of Napoleon's authority. B.The animals' fear shows how a dictator manipulates people. C.Squealer's speech mocks the obvious lies of political propaganda. D.Jones assists with Snowball's illegal activities against Animal Farm.

Squealer's speech mocks the obvious lies of political propaganda.

"Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end. . . . In spite of the shock that Snowball's expulsion had given them, the animals were dismayed by this announcement. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. He set his ears back, shook his forelock several times, and tried hard to marshal his thoughts; but in the end he could not think of anything to say. Some of the pigs themselves, however, were more articulate. Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval, and all four of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again." What are the effects of Napoleon's announcement?Select two options. A.The animals are surprised and dismayed. B.Snowball runs out of the meeting and is expelled. C.Boxer faithfully takes the news to be a good idea. D.Napoleon runs after Snowball in anger. E.Napoleon's dogs threaten the pigs into silence.

The animals are surprised and dismayed. Napoleon's dogs threaten the pigs into silence.

"And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. She would vanish for hours on end, and then reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened. But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions." What is the central idea of this passage? A.The cat is hungry. B.The cat means well. C.The cat is lazy. D.The cat is ignorant.

The cat is lazy.

"Read the excerpt from Animal Farm. Snowball stood up and . . . set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat down again; he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball sprang to his feet, and shouting down the sheep, who had begun bleating again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies, but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away. In glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be when sordid labour was lifted from the animals' backs. . . . By the time he had finished speaking, there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him. Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more. Silent and terrified, the animals crept back into the barn. . . . Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end." What are the effects of Snowball and Napoleon's disagreement? A.Napoleon agrees with Snowball's reasoning, and Snowball relinquishes his power to Napoleon. B.The dogs chase Snowball off the farm and then Napoleon takes over as leader of the farm. C.Napoleon takes over as leader of the farm, and The animals vote for Snowball's plans. D.Napoleon agrees with Snowball's reasoning, and then The dogs chase Snowball off the farm.

The dogs chase Snowball off the farm and then Napoleon takes over as leader of the farm.

In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduced, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured, and only a few were edible. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. Starvation seemed to stare them in the face. It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill, the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm. Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide. Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food situation were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now, however, a few selected animals, mostly sheep, were instructed to remark casually in his hearing that rations had been increased. In addition, Napoleon ordered the almost empty bins in the store-shed to be filled nearly to the brim with sand, which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. He was deceived, and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm. Which statements about the passage support the idea that this passage is an allegory for the famine in the Soviet Union? Select three options. A.The food rations have been cut and animals are starving. B.The windmill has collapsed and people are talking about it. C.The animals have never had contact with Mr. Whymper. D.The reality of the food shortage is hidden from the public. E.Napoleon resorts to propaganda to spread lies.

The food rations have been cut and animals are starving. The reality of the food shortage is hidden from the public. Napoleon resorts to propaganda to spread lies.

There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called "files," "reports," "minutes" and "memoranda." These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. Which part of this passage is an example of ridicule? A.The pigs create reports and then burn them. B.Squealer calls the other animals ignorant. C.The pigs work tirelessly to organize the farm. D.Squealer tells the animals about the farm's organization.

The pigs create reports and then burn them.

Then there came a moment when the first shock had worn off and when, in spite of everything—in spite of their terror of the dogs, and of the habit, developed through long years, of never complaining, never criticising, no matter what happened—they might have uttered some word of protest. But just at that moment, as though at a signal, all the sheep burst out into a tremendous bleating of— "Four legs good, two legs BETTER! Four legs good, two legs BETTER! Four legs good, two legs BETTER!" Which statement best explains why this passage is an example of irony? A.The sheep, which are four-legged animals, are chanting about how two legs are better. B.The sheep partake in a chant that they do not actually agree with about two legs being better. C.The sheep, after years of inaction, decide to take a stand about two legs being better than four. D.The sheep are stating that the pigs walk on two legs, which is an inaccurate description.

The sheep, which are four-legged animals, are chanting about how two legs are better.

"Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of business, but sharp enough to have realized earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having. The animals watched his coming and going with a kind of dread, and avoided him as much as possible." How does the pacing of this passage move the plot forward? A.The quick pace makes readers suspenseful and confused about Mr. Whymper. B.The quick pace allows the author to pass an uneventful period of time quickly. C.The slow pace helps to place emphasis on the animals' dread of Mr. Whymper. D.The slow pace helps develop Mr. Whymper's character with descriptive details.

The slow pace helps develop Mr. Whymper's character with descriptive details.

"November came, with raging south-west winds. Building had to stop because it was now too wet to mix the cement. Finally there came a night when the gale was so violent that the farm buildings rocked on their foundations and several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. The hens woke up squawking with terror because they had all dreamed simultaneously of hearing a gun go off in the distance. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish." How does the pacing of this passage affect the reader's interpretation of the text? Select three options. A.The flashback to earlier events helps readers understand what caused the storms. B.The slowing of the pace shows readers the cause of the windmill's destruction. C.The slowing of the pace creates suspense for readers about what is to come. D.Speeding up the pace of the text brings it to the climax of the windmill's destruction. E.The slowing of the pace gives readers details about the storm and its aftermath.

The slowing of the pace shows readers the cause of the windmill's destruction. The slowing of the pace creates suspense for readers about what is to come. The slowing of the pace gives readers details about the storm and its aftermath.

Which historical figure does Old Major most likely represent? A.Tsar Nicholas II B.an imperial guard C.Vladimir Lenin D.Joseph Stalin

Vladimir Lenin

"Then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the door of the farmhouse. That was theirs too, but they were frightened to go inside. After a moment, however, Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file, walking with the utmost care for fear of disturbing anything. They tiptoed from room to room, afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury, at the beds with their feather mattresses, the looking-glasses, the horsehair sofa, the Brussels carpet, the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the drawing-room mantelpiece." What does the farmhouse represent in the story? A.a palace B.a jailhouse C.a church D.a storeroom

a palace

Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion, except Clover, Benjamin, Moses the raven, and a number of the pigs. Muriel was dead; Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher were dead. Jones too was dead—he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country. Snowball was forgotten. Boxer was forgotten, except by the few who had known him. Clover was an old stout mare now, stiff in the joints and with a tendency to rheumy eyes. She was two years past the retiring age, but in fact no animal had ever actually retired. The talk of setting aside a corner of the pasture for superannuated animals had long since been dropped. Napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. Squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his eyes. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever, except for being a little greyer about the muzzle, and, since Boxer's death, more morose and taciturn than ever. There were many more creatures on the farm now, though the increase was not so great as had been expected in earlier years. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition, passed on by word of mouth, and others had been bought who had never heard mention of such a thing before their arrival. How does Orwell use irony in this excerpt? A.by using humor to demonstrate how few animals remember the rebellion B.by illustrating that the news of the rebellion was exaggerated for dramatic effect C.by building suspense about what the current animals know about the rebellion D.by showing that readers know more about the rebellion than most of the animals

by showing that readers know more about the rebellion than most of the animals

____ is when an audience or reader knows more about the characters' situation than the characters themselves

dramatic irony

_____ is writing that focuses on how society can be made worse through oppression, suffering, or catastrophe.

dystopian fiction

_____ is the part of a plot that introduces the text's conflict, characters, and setting.

exposition

___ ___ is the conflict between one character and opposing factors (e.g., people, groups, nature, society, or fate).

external conflict

_____ is to introduce hints suggesting what will happen later in the story.

foreshadow

"Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could become rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: Rebellion!" Which event most likely influenced the writing of Old Major's speech? A.the 1905 massacre of people who were protesting their poor living conditions B.the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, which was inspired by the ideals of Lenin C.the development of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by Lenin in 1922 D.the collectivization of agriculture by the Communist Party in Russia in 1928

the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, which was inspired by the ideals of Lenin

"But is this simply part of the order of Nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate is good, it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep—and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining." Which event in Russian history does the sentiment of this passage most point to? A.the crowning of Nicholas II, and the bourgeois' enjoyment of luxuries B.the start of World War I, and Russia's hopes of benefitting from it C.the beginning of collectivization, and the idea that all should share in wealth D.the Soviet famine, in which so many people died due to poorly planned policies

the beginning of collectivization, and the idea that all should share in wealth

"The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who was Mr. Jones's especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker. He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died. It was situated somewhere up in the sky, a little distance beyond the clouds, Moses said. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week, clover was in season all the year round, and lump sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work, but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain, and the pigs had to argue very hard to persuade them that there was no such place." What does Sugarcandy Mountain represent in the story? A.the farm after the rebellion B.the concept of heaven C.a nation where people are free D.a farm for older animals

the concept of heaven

Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. Which details in this passage are the best examples of satire? Select three options. A.the animals waiting patiently outside B.the pigs shouting angrily at the humans C.the pigs and humans being indistinguishable D.the animals watching the pigs and humans the 12 voices all sounding alike

the pigs shouting angrily at the humans the pigs and humans being indistinguishable the 12 voices all sounding alike