Chapter 7
All known living organisms, except some species of primitive bacteria, have the same genetic code.
False
All mutations are harmful.
False
During translation, rRNA brings the amino acids into the ribosome.
False
Elongation is the addition of amino acids to the mRNA strand.
False
Erwin Chargaff demonstrated that in DNA, the amount of adenine is about the same as the amount of guanine.
False
In eukaryotic cells, proteins always remain in the nucleus, but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
False
In prokaryotic cells, RNA polymerase binds to the operator.
False
In the lac operon, when lactose is absent, the repressor protein does not bind to the operator.
False
Initiation of transcription occurs when the enzyme, DNA polymerase, binds to the promoter of a gene.
False
James Watson and Francis Crick used X rays to learn about DNA's structure.
False
Mutagens are caused by environmental factors known as mutations.
False
Mutations only occur in DNA.
False
Neutral mutations can have a significant effect on the organism.
False
Point mutations can be described as silent, missense, senseless, or nonsense.
False
RNA is much larger than DNA.
False
Repressors promote transcription by enhancing the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter.
False
Somatic mutations can be transmitted to offspring.
False
The ATAT box is a regulatory element that is part of the promoter of most eukaryotic genes.
False
The cell does not have the capability to repair damaged DNA.
False
The process in which cells make proteins is called protein expression.
False
There are 4 types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, sRNA, and tRNA.
False
UAG, UGA, AGU, and UAA are the four stop codons.
False
Using a gene to make a protein is called protein expression.
False
lacX, lacY, lacZ, and lacA are genes for the four proteins needed to digest lactose.
False
Homeobox genes code for regulatory proteins that switch on whole series of major developmental genes.
True
In DNA replication, half of the parent DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules.
True
In eukaryotic gene regulation, regulatory proteins must bind to the regulatory elements before RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
True
In your body, different types of cells have different genes.
True
Many proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus after translation.
True
Mutations are the source of all new genetic material in a species.
True
Mutations in some regulatory genes can cause cancer.
True
Natural sunlight can cause mutations.
True
Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material.
True
Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
True
RNA uses the instructions in DNA to make a protein.
True
Splicing removes introns from mRNA.
True
Termination of translation occurs at a stop codon.
True
The anticodon is part of each tRNA molecule.
True
The shape of DNA is similar to a spiral staircase, and is referred to as a double helix
True
Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
True
Transcription uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule.
True
Translation always begins at an AUG codon.
True
Translation takes place in a ribosome.
True
mRNA is a copy of the genetic instructions from the DNA.
True
For many decades, scientists thought that proteins were the genetic material.
True
A codon can be described as a three-letter genetic "word."
True
A deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides may result in a frameshift mutation.
True
A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes.
True
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in DNA.
True
A regulatory element is located on the DNA.
True
A translocation mutation swaps sections from two non-homologous chromosomes.
True
An operon is a region of prokaryotic DNA.
True
Bacteria can have mutations that allow them to survive in the presence of antibiotic drugs.
True
Because of Chargaff's rules, if the order of bases on one strand of DNA is known, the order of bases on the other strand can be predicted.
True
Because of a mutation, it is possible for a fly to have legs growing out of its head.
True
Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure.
True
DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes.
True
Essentially, regulatory proteins must turn "on" certain genes in particular cells.
True
If one strand of DNA is GAATTC, the opposite strand would be CTTAAG.
true
