Chapter 7

All known living organisms, except some species of primitive bacteria, have the same genetic code.

False

All mutations are harmful.

False

During translation, rRNA brings the amino acids into the ribosome.

False

Elongation is the addition of amino acids to the mRNA strand.

False

Erwin Chargaff demonstrated that in DNA, the amount of adenine is about the same as the amount of guanine.

False

In eukaryotic cells, proteins always remain in the nucleus, but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

False

In prokaryotic cells, RNA polymerase binds to the operator.

False

In the lac operon, when lactose is absent, the repressor protein does not bind to the operator.

False

Initiation of transcription occurs when the enzyme, DNA polymerase, binds to the promoter of a gene.

False

James Watson and Francis Crick used X rays to learn about DNA's structure.

False

Mutagens are caused by environmental factors known as mutations.

False

Mutations only occur in DNA.

False

Neutral mutations can have a significant effect on the organism.

False

Point mutations can be described as silent, missense, senseless, or nonsense.

False

RNA is much larger than DNA.

False

Repressors promote transcription by enhancing the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter.

False

Somatic mutations can be transmitted to offspring.

False

The ATAT box is a regulatory element that is part of the promoter of most eukaryotic genes.

False

The cell does not have the capability to repair damaged DNA.

False

The process in which cells make proteins is called protein expression.

False

There are 4 types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, sRNA, and tRNA.

False

UAG, UGA, AGU, and UAA are the four stop codons.

False

Using a gene to make a protein is called protein expression.

False

lacX, lacY, lacZ, and lacA are genes for the four proteins needed to digest lactose.

False

Homeobox genes code for regulatory proteins that switch on whole series of major developmental genes.

True

In DNA replication, half of the parent DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules.

True

In eukaryotic gene regulation, regulatory proteins must bind to the regulatory elements before RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.

True

In your body, different types of cells have different genes.

True

Many proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus after translation.

True

Mutations are the source of all new genetic material in a species.

True

Mutations in some regulatory genes can cause cancer.

True

Natural sunlight can cause mutations.

True

Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material.

True

Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

True

RNA uses the instructions in DNA to make a protein.

True

Splicing removes introns from mRNA.

True

Termination of translation occurs at a stop codon.

True

The anticodon is part of each tRNA molecule.

True

The shape of DNA is similar to a spiral staircase, and is referred to as a double helix

True

Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

True

Transcription uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule.

True

Translation always begins at an AUG codon.

True

Translation takes place in a ribosome.

True

mRNA is a copy of the genetic instructions from the DNA.

True

For many decades, scientists thought that proteins were the genetic material.

True

A codon can be described as a three-letter genetic "word."

True

A deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides may result in a frameshift mutation.

True

A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes.

True

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in DNA.

True

A regulatory element is located on the DNA.

True

A translocation mutation swaps sections from two non-homologous chromosomes.

True

An operon is a region of prokaryotic DNA.

True

Bacteria can have mutations that allow them to survive in the presence of antibiotic drugs.

True

Because of Chargaff's rules, if the order of bases on one strand of DNA is known, the order of bases on the other strand can be predicted.

True

Because of a mutation, it is possible for a fly to have legs growing out of its head.

True

Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure.

True

DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes.

True

Essentially, regulatory proteins must turn "on" certain genes in particular cells.

True

If one strand of DNA is GAATTC, the opposite strand would be CTTAAG.

true