Chapter 7

Stephen Ceci and Maggie Bruck's study of children's memories showed that _____ percent of the children who had not received genital examinations from a pediatrician still pointed to either genital or anal areas when asked where they were examined.

55

Which BEST describes the typical forgetting curve?

A rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:

amygdala

The information-processing model of memory compares memory to a:

computer

As Diana is watching television, the electricity goes out. For a few tenths of a second she is still able to see the last images from the screen. This is an example of:

iconic memory.

James has suffered hippocampal damage from a near-fatal bus crash. He is not able to remember verbal information, but retains the ability to recall visual designs and locations. His damage is to the:

left hippocampus.

Luca has been studying all week for his biology final exam. He studies until he is ready to go to bed because he knows that information presented within ______ before sleep will be well remembered.

one hour

Dr. Napleton prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in-the-blank questions to fully test their

recall

Tarik has a chemistry test in two days. He has to memorize the elements on the periodic table, so he writes them on index cards. He keeps the cards with him at all times and periodically reads through them. Tarik is using _____ to encode information for storage.

rehearsal

Even after we learn the material, _____ increases retention.

relearning

A person's tendency to recall the last and first items in a list is known as the ________ effect.

serial position

It is common to recognize a person but to have no idea where we met him. Or, people may HEAR something but later recall instead that they SAW it. This type of misattribution is known as:

source amnesia.

This occurs partly because visualizing something and actually perceiving it activate similar brain areas.

Imagination effect

A long time ago, Leslie was stuck in an elevator for more than three hours! Though generally not claustrophobic, after two hours she felt like the elevator walls were closing in on her. Now, 10 years later, she still vividly recalls the details of that emotionally traumatic experience. What is MOST likely causing her long-lasting robust memory of this event?

Stress hormones increase glucose activity, which then fuels brain activity.

What is MOST likely to occur as a result of an emotionally painful experience?

The memory of the event will likely be intrusive.

In the case of H. M., removal of tissue in his temporal lobe resulted in impaired ability to form new ______ memories.

explicit

Professor Wallace studies memory in people who have had strokes. Professor Hansen studies people who claim to have clear memories of events that happened over three decades ago. Such research on the extremes of memory:

helps people understand how memory works.

At a block party, Cyndi meets nine new neighbors. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two neighbors she met. Her experience illustrates:

the serial position effect.