Chapter 7

Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?

It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.

What is true about the nativist theory of language development?

It holds that the innate factors of children cause them to attend to and acquire language in certain ways.

A/an_________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.​

Mental set

Which of the following was the result of a study done with 500 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in Kentucky, in terms of intelligence?

The correlations in intelligence between dizygotic twins were about the same as those between other siblings.

Incubation in problem solving refers to standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it.

True

_________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.​

​Creativity

_________ is the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors.​

​Heritability

_________ are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems.​

​Heuristics

_________ is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.​

​Semanticity

Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. Albert came up with a formula to find the keys;he retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. Albert eventually found the keys on his office desk. Albert used a/an _____ to find his keys.​

​algorithm

​Christopher has good skills many areas of problem solving and reasoning ability. According to Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of _____.​

​general intelligence

A/An _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.

​holophrase

In Gestalt psychology, a/an _________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.​

​insight

​In psycholinguistic theory, _________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.

​language acquisition device

Children between the ages of three and five incorrectly apply the rules of past tense and of plural when they say "sitted" instead of "sat" and "gooses" instead of "geese." This is known as _____.​

​overregularization

A sofa, bed, and table are _____ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.

​prototypes

Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used _____ to come to the conclusion.​

​the availability heuristic

Which of the following is true in the context of children babbling?

Babbling is inborn and prelinguistic.

Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?

Divergent thinking

Which of the following statements is true about the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on intelligence?

Genetic factors account for about half of the variations in intelligence test scores among individuals.