Chapter 7

People who favor information-based radio, such as news and sports, typically choose to listen to ______ radio.

AM

In which of the following ways did the radio broadcasting industry change in the 1930s?

Advertising revenues increased considerably. Radio became a cost-effective means of entertainment for Americans.

How did Apple's strategy for selling music online through its iTunes Music Store succeed when previous attempts for industry-approved downloading had failed?

Apple sold individual songs for as little as 99 cents.

How did MTV change tours for artists and groups?

Audiences now expect flashy, sophisticated productions like those they see in videos.

Which of the following best describes how conglomerates in the music business affect the quality of music?

Big businesses are less likely to take risks, resulting in a lack of new ideas in the music they produce.

People who listen to radio mainly for music tend to choose ______ radio.

FM

True or false: After the emergence of television, people started gathering in groups to listen to radio.

False

True or false: In the United States, radio stations today are found only in cities and their suburbs.

False

For which of the following reasons is Guglielmo Marconi considered the "Father of Radio"?

He was one of the first to send radio signals through the air, and he publicized his successes.

Which of the following are characteristics of radio today?

It is mobile. It is personal. It is specific.

Which of the following are characteristics of radio after the introduction of television?

It is specialized, with different formats for different stations. It is more personal and no longer characterized by big networks.

How did the sinking of the Titanic affect the wireless industry?

It led to the Radio Act of 1912, which strengthened regulation of wireless operations.

Which of the following statements about format radio is true?

It means some potential audience members will not listen.

How did radio change its focus after television arrived?

It went from being nationally oriented to locally oriented.

Which innovation is most responsible for the Internet taking over music sales?

MP3

Compression technology that shrinks audio files to less than one-tenth their original size is known as

MP3.

Which of the following statements describe effects of cultural homogenization on the music industry?

Manufactured groups that produce unoriginal music tend to dominate the industry. When most music is controlled by giant corporations, the artists have little individuality.

Which of the following are true of radio listening today?

Most listening occurs in the car. Most radio consumed in vehicles is AM or FM.

How has television changed the relationship between musicians and fans?

Musicians are being seen on tour less, because television has led audiences to expect extravagant and expensive productions.

European immigrant ______ applied for a radio patent within months of Guglielmo Marconi.

Nikola Tesla

Which of the following statements about the recording industry is true?

Only one of the three most powerful recording companies is U.S.-owned.

Which of the following best describes how radio changed after World War I?

Radio came to be used for entertainment and commercial purposes.

Which of the following statements about promotion and music are true?

Radio plays an important role in promotion. Labels do not sign artists that are challenging to promote.

Why is contemporary radio considered specific?

Radio stations aim their content at narrow audiences.

Which of the following is true of the relationship between the music industry and technologies such as smartphones and tablets?

Smartphones and tablets, like radio, are distinguished by their portability. More than half of all streaming music listening is mobile—using devices like smartphones and tablets.

What are the advantages of terrestrial (land-based) digital radio?

Sound fidelity is improved over traditional radio. Many stations offer it through subscription services. Stations can broadcast on both analog and digital signals.

Which of the following statements about digital recording are true?

Sound is converted in a computerized translation process. When replayed at the proper speed, the sound is clean and clear.

Which of the following are characteristics of format radio?

Stations can quickly change DJs and music if necessary. It is possible to narrow an audience by specializing the format even more.

Which of the following best describes why radio began to focus on a local audience in the 1950s?

Television had captured the national audience.

Which of the following was the radio industry's solution to the problem of how to make money once everyone owned a radio?

The industry began selling advertising radio spots.

Which of the following best describes how modern radio is fragmented?

There are many stations serving many areas, which enables them to play specialized formats.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the popularity of radio in the United States today?

There are more than 15,000 broadcast radio stations operating in the United States. Radio remains people's primary means of consuming audio content.

In what ways do musical artists use social networking to connect with listeners?

They build their own YouTube channels. They communicate directly with listeners on fan pages. They create their own sites and connect with sites designed to feature new artists.

Which of the following are reasons telecommunication satellites have helped radio experience a resurgence?

They made the redistribution of content to many stations affordable. Audiences can receive radio broadcasts though their television sets.

In which of the following ways did disc jockeys "desegregate" music in the 1950s?

They took a "color-deaf" approach to introducing music by African American artists to listeners.

Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville may have made the first sound recording, but history traditionally credits

Thomas Edison.

True or false: Radio is still the main medium people use to consume audio content.

True

True or false: The idea of broadcasting came about before radio was actually developed.

True

Which of the following are the major recording companies that together control 63% of the global recorded music market?

Warner Music Group Universal Music Group Sony

How is Web radio different from traditional radio?

Web radio can offer more information with the broadcast, such as lyrics or artists' biographies.

Which of the following was passed by the U.S. government in 1910 and required larger ships to have a working wireless and operator?

Wireless Ship Act

The formation of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in the early 1920s ensured that radio would be

a commercial industry based on profit.

Which of the following did Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville record on his phonautograph in 1860?

a folk song

Satellite radio's main effect on the radio networks is that it has

allowed music and other forms of radio content to be distributed quite inexpensively to thousands of stations.

After the arrival of television, radio listeners typically started listening to the radio in which of the following ways?

alone so that they could choose music and program formats they liked while they were doing other things

Income earned from the sale of airtime is called

billings.

Radio stations that are only accessible online are known as

bitcasters.

Protection of content creators' financial interest in their product is known as

copyright.

Before the 1950s, the work of African American musicians had to be ______ by white artists before it would be aired on the radio.

covered

In response to an onslaught of illegal downloading, the music industry decided to

create its own websites for legal downloading.

Because of ______ of the U.S. telecommunications industry in the 1980s and 1990s, one person or company can own as many as eight stations in one market.

deregulation

The recording and radio industries went from analog to ______ recording in the 1970s.

digital

Which of the following genres became part of radio broadcasting in the 1930s?

drama comedy soap operas

Specialized radio programming that focuses on serving a particular audience is called

format radio.

During World War I, the U.S. government took over the patents for radio in order to

improve the technology for military use.

The digital radio technology that uses digital compression to "shrink" digital and analog signals, allowing both to occupy the same frequency, is known as

in-band-on-channel (IBOC)

Radio continues to focus on a local audience today because

it is affordable for local advertisers to advertise on the radio.

Which of the following artists would be most attractive to a major label?

one that fits into an easily recognizable niche

Freely downloaded software is known as

open source software.

The illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material is known as

piracy.

Recording and downloading audio files stored on distant Web servers is called

podcasting.

Copyright is best defined as

protection of content creators' financial interest in their product.

Which of the following serves as the basis for determining the cost of airtime in radio?

radio ratings

The flexibility to change content is an advantage in format radio because

radio stations can respond to the interests of their audiences.

The sale of music in actual stores has been mostly replaced by

streaming music from the Internet.

Piracy of music has decreased as a result of

the ease and inexpensiveness of streaming.

The personal nature of radio can best be attributed to which of the following?

the mobility of radio

Broadcasting is best defined as

the transmission of music and voices at great distances to a large number of people.

One of the major effects of deregulation on radio was

very limited local programming on radio stations around the United States.

Which of the following best defines bitcasters?

web-only radio stations