Chapter 7 a&p
How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many phalanges are located in the hand?
14
The "true wrist" or carpus consists of_______.
A group of 8 short bones united by ligaments.
Choose the statement that is most correct about orbits. A) The orbits are formed of both facial and cranial bones. B) The orbits contain only facial bones. C) The orbits contain only cranial bones. D) The orbits are made entirely of cartilage.
A) The orbits are formed of both facial and cranial bones.
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the clavicle.
Acromion process
Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?
Atlas
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
Atlas The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.
The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.
False
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
False
The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections.
False
The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
False
The pituitary gland is housed in a saddlelike depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica.
False
Name the bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia.
Femur
Identify the bone lateral to the tibia.
Fibula
Identify the indentation that is inferiorolateral to the auricular surface.
Greater sciatic notch
Identify the landmark found on the proximal end of the humerus.
Greater tubercle
Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.
In between the orbits The ethmoid bone is a single bone with a complex shape. The top of this bone projects up into the floor of the cranium. The middle of this bone spans the distance between the orbits, and the lowest most portion forms the superior part of the nasal septum.
Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Inferior articular processes
Which region of the skeleton contains the humerus?
appendicular
The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?
appendicular skeleton
Which vertebra does not have a body?
atlas
Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone".
calcaneus
Identify the bones that make up the wrist.
carpals
Identify the tailbone.
coccyx
Identify the common name for the clavicle.
collarbone
Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
coracoid process
Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.
cribriform plates
The sella turcica is best described as:
depression
Where in the skeleton is the ulna located in reference to the humerus?
distal
Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
foramen magnum
Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.
infraorbital foramen
Identify the large hole found in this bone.
obturator foramen
Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.
occipital condyles
Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
occipital condyles
Identify the depression found on the posterior surface of the humerus.
olecranon fossa
Identify the region of the ulna that articulates with the humerus when the forearm is in full extension.
olecranon process
Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.
olfactory nerve (CN I)
Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.
palatine bone
Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?
palatine processes
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate
Along with support, the anterior ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________.
prevent hyperextension of the spine
Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones?
protection of the brain
What is the major function of the axial skeleton?
provide central support for the body and protect internal organs.
What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
sacral region
Which digit is composed of only two phalanges?
thumb
Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
tibial tuberosity
What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?
to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine.
Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.
transverse costal facet
Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
transverse process
Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
trochanter
Name the number of tarsals.
7
How many carpals make up the wrist?
8
What is the major function of the intervertebral discs?
absorb shock
Identify the articulation site for the femur.
acetabulum
Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges?
1. The great toe or hallux (the big toe) only has 2 phalanges, a proximal phalanx and distal phalanx.
How many bones make up the adult skull?
22
The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
3
Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.
3-5
Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.
5. During development, individual vertebrae compose the entire vertebral column. Five bones fuse together to form the sacrum.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".
Atlas - axis The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.
Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hipbone.
Auricular surface
Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum
Auricular surface of the ilium
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
Axis C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".
Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?
Body
Only the_________vertebrae have transverse foramina.
Cervical
Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.
Cheek The zygomatic arch is a bony bridge formed between the zygomatic and temporal bones. It contributes to the prominence of the cheek.
The inferior surface of the clavicle has a projection called the:
Conoid process
The occipital bone forms part of the:
Cranium
Identify the landmark that protects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.
Crista Galli
The ethmoid bone is composed of all of the following except the ________. A) superior nasal concha B) crista galli C) cribriform plate D) inferior nasal concha
D) inferior nasal concha
Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.
Demi-facet
The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.
FALSE. The ethmoid bone is part of the cranium.
The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
FALSE. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum.
Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?
Lamina
Which region of the clavicle is known as the acromial end?
Lateral
Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?
Mandibular foramina
The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:
Mandibular ramus
The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and________.
Maxilla
Paranasal sinus are found in which of these facial bones?
Maxillae
Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?
Maxillary ~ The fused maxillary bones are known as the maxilla, and form the upper jaw and part of the palate.
Which part of the leg does the tibia form?
Medial leg
Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes!
Median sacral crest
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the_______to reach the chin.
Mental foramina
Identify the bones that make up the portion of the foot.
Metatarsals
Which of these projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?
Middle nasal conchae
Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?
Nasal ~ The 2 tombstone shaped nasal bones are found above the nasal cavity. They form a continuous bony bridge that connects the 2 sides of the face.
The condition known as a "fractured hip" is most often a break in the femur. Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
Neck
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
Occipital bone - atlas
Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.
Olfactory foramina
The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are.
Olfactory foramina
Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?
Palatine and Maxillary bones
Which landmark is found on the anterior surface of the femur?
Patellar surface
Identify the location of the occipital bone.
Posterior surface and base of the cranium
Which bony landmarks can be palpated on the anterior surface of the body, close to the midline?
Pubic tubercles
During pregnancy and delivery, a hormone called relaxin is secreted to "relax" (soften) the pelvic ligaments and cervix. What pelvic girdle region would be a good target for this hormone to help open up the anterior pelvis during the birthing process?
Pubis
The styloid process of the______points to the thumb
Radius
The sella turcica is part of the __________ bone and houses the__________gland.
Sphenoid; pituitary
The suture that is found where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull is__________.
Squamous
Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.
Squamous part
Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.
Styloid process The styloid process is a pointy, spinous projection that serves as a site of muscle attachment. It is easily broken off of human skull specimens.
Which region of the scapula is found on the anterior surface?
Subscapular fossa
The suprascapular notch is found on:
Superior border
Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?
Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar
Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?
T12
The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.
TRUE. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
Temporal process The temporal process of the zygomatic bone is a small bony projection that extends posteriorly to fuse with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, forming the zygomatic arch.
Which of the following would be most associated with the process of warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we inhale?
The nasal cavity
Which of the following is not a facial bone?
The sphenoid bone
Which of the following is NOT part of the orbit?
The temporal bone
Which part of the bones of the skull would you also refer to as a cheekbone?
The zygomatic bone
Which of the following do NOT contain a paired paranasal sinus?
The zygomatic bones
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parietal bones?
They form the base of the skull.
Identify the region of the humerus that articulates with the ulna, located between the medial epicondyle and capitulum.
Trochlea
In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius.
True
The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis. True / False
True
The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the surgical neck which is distal to the anatomical neck.
True
The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
True
The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.
True
The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum.
True
Your "cheekbone" is mostly formed from the _____ bone
Zygomatic
What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?
Zygomatic bones
Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.
Zygomatic process The zygomatic process is the name of the elongated projection that extends out from the temporal bone reaching towards the zygomatic bone, forming most of the zygomatic arch.
The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?
ethmoid
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?
ethmoid
Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.
external auditory meatus
Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have
facets for attachment of ribs
Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing?
fibula
Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.
floor of the skull
The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called ________.
fontanelles
Identify the true statement about the head of the ulna.
found at the distal end of the bone
Which of the following bones is unpaired?
frontal
Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
glenoid fossa
Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
head
What part of the humerus articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint?
head
Which bone contains diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a tuberosity near its middle, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone?
humerus
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
iliac crest
Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
ilium
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
intervertebral discs
Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
ischial tuberosity
Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.
lacrimal
Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?
lacrimal bone
Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.
lambdoid
Why would the male pelvis exhibit more prominent (pronounced) bone markings than the female pelvis?
larger leg muscles
Which of the following landmarks is found on the distal end of the humerus?
lateral epicondyle
Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?
lateral malleolus
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal
lesser wings
Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
linea aspera
What type of bone is a phalanx?
long
What type of bones are the phalanges?
long
Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?
mandibular condyle
Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.
mandibular fossa
Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.
mandibular notch
The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and
maxilla
Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones?
maxilla
Most facial bones articulate with the ________.
maxillary bones
Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?
medial
The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
medial and lateral condyles
Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
medial and proximal
Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal?
medial cuneiform
Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
medial malleolus
Identify the bones that make up the palm of the hand.
metacarpals
Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?
nasal
The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the __________.
nasal septum
Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?
nasal septum
Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.
sacrum
Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.
sagittal suture
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.
scapula
Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?
scoliosis
Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.
sella turcica
The pituitary gland is housed in the
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
The axial skeleton includes
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?
sphenoid
Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
spine
Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.
spinous process
Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.
sternum
Identify the projection found on distal end of the ulna.
styloid process
Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula.
talus
Identify the primary region of the ulna that forms the hinge joint with the humerus.
trochlear notch
Which bone forms part of the nasal septum?
vomer
Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic bone and temporal bone
Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.
zygomatic process
