Chapter 7
Name 3 weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation:
-congress could not impose taxes -the federal government had no chief executive -congress could not force citizens to join an army -congress couldn't pass a law unless 9 states voted for it -any change to the Articles required the approval of all 13 states.
List 3 powers the U. S. Constitution gives to the states:
-control trade within their boarders -set up local government and schools -make divorce and marriage laws
What was included in the Bill of Rights for the settlers of the Northwest Ordinance?
-freedom of religion -trial by jury
Name 3 things congress did not have the power to do:
-regulate trade -force citizens to join the army -impose taxes on the states
What achievements did the new government manage?
-signed a peace treaty with Britain -expanded foreign trade -settling and governing the countries Western lands
According to the U. S. Constitution, what 2 powers were SHARED by the states and federal government?
-tax -establish criminal justice
Name 3 powers the U. S. Constitution gives the federal government:
-tax -regulate trade -raise an army and declare war
How many votes did each state have in the new Congress?
1
Name the parts of the Legislative Branch of the U. S. Government:
1) Senate 2) House of Representatives ....both of these together are known as Congress
In order to keep the Southern states part of the nation, Northern states agreed to prevent Congress from interfering with the slave trade until ____________.
1808
The Ordinance of 1785 divided land into how many 640 acre sections?
36
How long does the vice president hold office?
4 years
When a territory had _____________ citizens, it could apply for statehood.
60,000
The Articles of Confederation had to be approved by how many states?
9
______________ called for the Constitutional Convention to be held.
Alexander Hamilton
This law was passed by congress to set up a process to sell the lands north of the Ohio River.
The Ordinance of 1785
The Articles of Confederation divided the power between ____________ and ______________.
The governor and the legislature.
What 2 states used their colonial charters as their constitution?
Connecticut & Rhode Island
Under the federal system of government, what or who is the final authority?
Constitution
The presence of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin guaranteed public trust in the __________________.
Constitutional Convention
A group of farmers led by this man, forced the courts in Western Massachusetts to stop judges from taking way farmers' land.
Daniel Shays
This state was the first to ratify the Constitution in December of 1787.
Delaware
Who was the author of the Virginia Plan?
Edmund Randolph
_______________ indirectly elects the president
Electoral College
This was a model for the American's Constitution:
English Bill of Rights
What was the movement that influenced the Constitution's architects?
Enlightenment
The nation's Judicial branch resides in the ______________.
Supreme Court
Why were judges seizing farmers' land and jailing farmers?
Farmers couldn't pay their taxes or debts
____________ is sharing power between the federal and state governments.
Federalism
_________________ were supporters of the Constitution.
Federalists
The men who shaped the Constitution were called?
Framers
Who proposed the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution?
George Mason of Virginia - but the delegates defeated the idea
Who was the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
Name 2 leaders that were supporters of the Constitution (or Federalists).
George Washington Benjamin Franklin
What 2 states did not outlaw or tax the importation of enslaved people?
Georgia and South Carolina
What did the Virginia Plan call for?
Government with 3 branches: -two house legislature -chief executive chosen by the legislature -a court system
What did the delegates from the North and South disagree on?
How to count each states enslaved population
What was the strongest criticism of the Constitution?
It lacked a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedom
Who was known as the father of the constitution?
James Madison
The belief that all people have a right to life, liberty, and property was promoted by this philosopher.
John Locke
___________ wrote that government is based on a contract between people and the ruler.
John Locke
This branch of government deals with the court system:
Judicial Branch
This is the branch of government made up of courts that settle questions of law and disagreements:
Judicial Branch
In 1800, congress passed this act that made it easier for people to buy land in the territory - they paid for the land a little at a time.
Land Act
The Larger/Smaller states did not like the Articles of Confederation.
Larger
This is the lawmaking branch of government:
Legislative Branch
In 1798, congress created the _____________________, except slavery was allowed in this territory.
Mississippi Territory
This state was the 9th state to ratify the Constitution.
New Hampshire
The ________________ created a single territory from lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. The lands would then be divided into smaller territories.
Northwest Ordinance
What law helped stop the spread of slavery to the West?
Northwest Ordinance
What was the single territory that was created out of the lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River?
Northwest Territory
This state opposed a plan by Robert Morris to impose a 5% tax on imported goods.
Rhode Island
What state was the last to ratify the Constitution?
Rhode Island
In 1781, Congress created a department of finance led by who?
Robert Morris
The constitutional convention appointed a committee to settle the disagreement. ________________ of Connecticut suggested the Great Compromise.
Roger Sherman
Who proposed the Great Compromise?
Roger Sherman
After hearing about _________________, George Washington was willing to revise the Articles of Confederation.
Shays's Rebellion
____________ occurred when the petitions of the Massachusetts farmers went unanswered.
Shays's Rebellion
What did the Northwest Ordinance say about slavery?
Slavery was not allowed in the Northwest Ordinance (this was the first attempt to stop the spread of slaver in the U.S.)
True or False? After the American Revolution, most states allowed only white men who were at least 21 years old to vote.
True
True or False? People agreed that the new country should be a republic.
True
True or False? Several states refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights
True
True or False? State legislatures tried to make taxes fair for everyone.
True
True or False? The first three articles of the Constitution describe the structure of the federal government.
True
True or False? To approve the Articles of Confederation, all states had to approve it.
True
True or False? Under the Articles of Confederation, central government could carry out foreign affairs.
True
True or False? Western settlers wanted to join the union
True
True or False? The paper bills that Congress had printed during the Revolutionary War did not hold it's value.
True - by 1781, it was worth almost nothing
One of the Confederation's accomplishments was an arrangement for_____________________________.
new states in the West
A _________________ is a law.
ordinance
The Great Compromise solved the issue of ______________________.
representation in the legislature
A __________________ government is one in which citizens rule through elected representatives.
republic
Many white Southerners heard economic difficulties if _________________ no longer existed.
slavery
Why did some delegates at the convention want a Bill of Rights?
so that the national government wouldn't abuse it's power
Those who opposed the Constitution feared the national government would?
take rights away from the people
In 1776, _________________________ had a committee make a plan for a new central government?
the 2nd Continental Congress
Convention delegates broke the deadlock between large and small states when they approved_______________________.
the Great Compromise
What was the solution to the disagreement of counting slaves as population of a state
the Three-Fifths Compromise -every 5 slaves would count as 3 persons in the states population total
What is manumisison?
the freeing of individual enslaved persons
One major weakness of the Confederation was that it could not deal with _____________________.
the nation's finances
The American Revolution brought into focus the contradiction between the American battle for liberty and________________________.
the practice of slavery
The Continental dollar fell in value because:
they could not be exchanged for goodly silver
What was the purpose of setting up a two-house state legislature?
to divide power within the legislature
What happens during a period of depression in a country?
unemployment increases
The ________________ is the supreme law of the land.
U. S. Constitution
This state passed a law that encouraged manumission.
Virginia
These two states refused to ratify the Constitution until a promise was made to add or amend the document by adding a bill of rights.
Virginia & New York
Constitutional Convention delegates voted to work toward a new national government based the ________________.
Virginia Plan
What caused disputes that threatened to block the approval of the articles?
Western land claimed by the states
Who was the author of the New Jersey Plan?
William Patterson
In addition to forming state governments, the American people formed what?
a national government.
At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan called for:
a one-house legislature
A _____________ is a change, correction or improvement added to a document.
amendment
If Congress needed money or troops, what did they do?
ask the states
______________ means having two separate lawmaking organizations/chambers.
bicameral
According to John Locke, what are the three natural rights that all people have?
life, liberty & property
What were the requirements of the Land Act?
A person was required to buy 320 acres of land at $2 per acre.
Why did the US have a problem with Spain?
-Spain controlled FL and land west of the Mississippi River (America wanted to expand here) -Spain closed the lower MS river to American shipping
What did the Great Compromise entail?
-Upper house or Senate would have 2 representatives from each state and be equal in representation -Lower house or House of Representatives would have the number of representatives based the states population -Larger states would have more delegates than smaller states.
What 4 limited powers did the Articles of Confederation give congress?
-conduct foreign affairs -maintain armed forces -borrow money -issue currency
What did the New Jersey Plan call for?
A one-housed legislature with each state having 1 vote. Each state would have an equal say regardless of population
________________ favored local government controlled more closely by the people.
Anti-Federalist
The plan for a new central government was called?
Articles of Confederation - it was adopted as the nation's first constitution in November 1777
Many ideas for the Constitution came from who?
European political writers
This branch of government is headed by the president:
Executive Branch
This is the branch of government headed by the president & vice president:
Executive Branch
True or False? Slavery was not a major source of labor in Southern states.
False
True or False? The delegates at the Constitutional Convention included Native Americans, African Americans, and women.
False
True or False? Under a policy of proportional representation, smaller states would have more votes than larger states.
False
True or False? The Ordinance of 1785 contained a clause that marked the first attempt to stop the spread of slavery in the United States.
False -It was the Northwest Ordiance
True or False? Changing the articles or amending them required approval of 9 states.
False -it required approval from all 13 states
True or False? Slavery was a major source of labor in the North
False -it was in the SOUTH!
True or False? After the Revolutionary War, the US went through a period of tremendous growth.
False -the US went through a depression period
True or False? The government gave these sections away to the first settlers that arrived.
False -they were sold at public auction
True or False? Anti-Federalists supported the Constitution
False Federalists supported the Constitution
True or False? Under the Articles of Confederation, states lost most of their power.
False States kept most of their power, and retained its independence
True or False? Americans were ready to concentrate power in the hands of a single ruler
False - Americans were determined to LIMIT the power in the hands of a single ruler.
True or False? By the end of 1776, all states had written their constitutions.
False- By the end of 1780, all states had state constitutions
On September 17, 1787, all but 3 delegates gathered to sign the constitution. Why did 3 refuse?
They didn't want to sign it without a Bill of Rights.
Why did most states want a weak central government?
They wanted one they could rely on to wage & handle relations with other countries.
This system keeps any one branch of government from gaining too much power.
checks and balances
A ________________ is a settlement of a dispute by each party giving up some demands.
compromise
To __________________, means to lose value.
depreciate
The US went through an economic _____________ after the American Revolution.
depression
The Americans formed a republic, a government in which citizens rule through ________________________.
elected representatives
Shays's Rebellion forced courts to close so judges could not take away _______________.
farmers' land
The states adopted constitutions that limited the power of the ________________.
govenor
The first state constitution aimed to keep the power where?
in the hands of the people
