Chapter 7

Name 3 weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation:

-congress could not impose taxes -the federal government had no chief executive -congress could not force citizens to join an army -congress couldn't pass a law unless 9 states voted for it -any change to the Articles required the approval of all 13 states.

List 3 powers the U. S. Constitution gives to the states:

-control trade within their boarders -set up local government and schools -make divorce and marriage laws

What was included in the Bill of Rights for the settlers of the Northwest Ordinance?

-freedom of religion -trial by jury

Name 3 things congress did not have the power to do:

-regulate trade -force citizens to join the army -impose taxes on the states

What achievements did the new government manage?

-signed a peace treaty with Britain -expanded foreign trade -settling and governing the countries Western lands

According to the U. S. Constitution, what 2 powers were SHARED by the states and federal government?

-tax -establish criminal justice

Name 3 powers the U. S. Constitution gives the federal government:

-tax -regulate trade -raise an army and declare war

How many votes did each state have in the new Congress?

1

Name the parts of the Legislative Branch of the U. S. Government:

1) Senate 2) House of Representatives ....both of these together are known as Congress

In order to keep the Southern states part of the nation, Northern states agreed to prevent Congress from interfering with the slave trade until ____________.

1808

The Ordinance of 1785 divided land into how many 640 acre sections?

36

How long does the vice president hold office?

4 years

When a territory had _____________ citizens, it could apply for statehood.

60,000

The Articles of Confederation had to be approved by how many states?

9

______________ called for the Constitutional Convention to be held.

Alexander Hamilton

This law was passed by congress to set up a process to sell the lands north of the Ohio River.

The Ordinance of 1785

The Articles of Confederation divided the power between ____________ and ______________.

The governor and the legislature.

What 2 states used their colonial charters as their constitution?

Connecticut & Rhode Island

Under the federal system of government, what or who is the final authority?

Constitution

The presence of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin guaranteed public trust in the __________________.

Constitutional Convention

A group of farmers led by this man, forced the courts in Western Massachusetts to stop judges from taking way farmers' land.

Daniel Shays

This state was the first to ratify the Constitution in December of 1787.

Delaware

Who was the author of the Virginia Plan?

Edmund Randolph

_______________ indirectly elects the president

Electoral College

This was a model for the American's Constitution:

English Bill of Rights

What was the movement that influenced the Constitution's architects?

Enlightenment

The nation's Judicial branch resides in the ______________.

Supreme Court

Why were judges seizing farmers' land and jailing farmers?

Farmers couldn't pay their taxes or debts

____________ is sharing power between the federal and state governments.

Federalism

_________________ were supporters of the Constitution.

Federalists

The men who shaped the Constitution were called?

Framers

Who proposed the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution?

George Mason of Virginia - but the delegates defeated the idea

Who was the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention?

George Washington

Name 2 leaders that were supporters of the Constitution (or Federalists).

George Washington Benjamin Franklin

What 2 states did not outlaw or tax the importation of enslaved people?

Georgia and South Carolina

What did the Virginia Plan call for?

Government with 3 branches: -two house legislature -chief executive chosen by the legislature -a court system

What did the delegates from the North and South disagree on?

How to count each states enslaved population

What was the strongest criticism of the Constitution?

It lacked a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedom

Who was known as the father of the constitution?

James Madison

The belief that all people have a right to life, liberty, and property was promoted by this philosopher.

John Locke

___________ wrote that government is based on a contract between people and the ruler.

John Locke

This branch of government deals with the court system:

Judicial Branch

This is the branch of government made up of courts that settle questions of law and disagreements:

Judicial Branch

In 1800, congress passed this act that made it easier for people to buy land in the territory - they paid for the land a little at a time.

Land Act

The Larger/Smaller states did not like the Articles of Confederation.

Larger

This is the lawmaking branch of government:

Legislative Branch

In 1798, congress created the _____________________, except slavery was allowed in this territory.

Mississippi Territory

This state was the 9th state to ratify the Constitution.

New Hampshire

The ________________ created a single territory from lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River. The lands would then be divided into smaller territories.

Northwest Ordinance

What law helped stop the spread of slavery to the West?

Northwest Ordinance

What was the single territory that was created out of the lands north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River?

Northwest Territory

This state opposed a plan by Robert Morris to impose a 5% tax on imported goods.

Rhode Island

What state was the last to ratify the Constitution?

Rhode Island

In 1781, Congress created a department of finance led by who?

Robert Morris

The constitutional convention appointed a committee to settle the disagreement. ________________ of Connecticut suggested the Great Compromise.

Roger Sherman

Who proposed the Great Compromise?

Roger Sherman

After hearing about _________________, George Washington was willing to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Shays's Rebellion

____________ occurred when the petitions of the Massachusetts farmers went unanswered.

Shays's Rebellion

What did the Northwest Ordinance say about slavery?

Slavery was not allowed in the Northwest Ordinance (this was the first attempt to stop the spread of slaver in the U.S.)

True or False? After the American Revolution, most states allowed only white men who were at least 21 years old to vote.

True

True or False? People agreed that the new country should be a republic.

True

True or False? Several states refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights

True

True or False? State legislatures tried to make taxes fair for everyone.

True

True or False? The first three articles of the Constitution describe the structure of the federal government.

True

True or False? To approve the Articles of Confederation, all states had to approve it.

True

True or False? Under the Articles of Confederation, central government could carry out foreign affairs.

True

True or False? Western settlers wanted to join the union

True

True or False? The paper bills that Congress had printed during the Revolutionary War did not hold it's value.

True - by 1781, it was worth almost nothing

One of the Confederation's accomplishments was an arrangement for_____________________________.

new states in the West

A _________________ is a law.

ordinance

The Great Compromise solved the issue of ______________________.

representation in the legislature

A __________________ government is one in which citizens rule through elected representatives.

republic

Many white Southerners heard economic difficulties if _________________ no longer existed.

slavery

Why did some delegates at the convention want a Bill of Rights?

so that the national government wouldn't abuse it's power

Those who opposed the Constitution feared the national government would?

take rights away from the people

In 1776, _________________________ had a committee make a plan for a new central government?

the 2nd Continental Congress

Convention delegates broke the deadlock between large and small states when they approved_______________________.

the Great Compromise

What was the solution to the disagreement of counting slaves as population of a state

the Three-Fifths Compromise -every 5 slaves would count as 3 persons in the states population total

What is manumisison?

the freeing of individual enslaved persons

One major weakness of the Confederation was that it could not deal with _____________________.

the nation's finances

The American Revolution brought into focus the contradiction between the American battle for liberty and________________________.

the practice of slavery

The Continental dollar fell in value because:

they could not be exchanged for goodly silver

What was the purpose of setting up a two-house state legislature?

to divide power within the legislature

What happens during a period of depression in a country?

unemployment increases

The ________________ is the supreme law of the land.

U. S. Constitution

This state passed a law that encouraged manumission.

Virginia

These two states refused to ratify the Constitution until a promise was made to add or amend the document by adding a bill of rights.

Virginia & New York

Constitutional Convention delegates voted to work toward a new national government based the ________________.

Virginia Plan

What caused disputes that threatened to block the approval of the articles?

Western land claimed by the states

Who was the author of the New Jersey Plan?

William Patterson

In addition to forming state governments, the American people formed what?

a national government.

At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan called for:

a one-house legislature

A _____________ is a change, correction or improvement added to a document.

amendment

If Congress needed money or troops, what did they do?

ask the states

______________ means having two separate lawmaking organizations/chambers.

bicameral

According to John Locke, what are the three natural rights that all people have?

life, liberty & property

What were the requirements of the Land Act?

A person was required to buy 320 acres of land at $2 per acre.

Why did the US have a problem with Spain?

-Spain controlled FL and land west of the Mississippi River (America wanted to expand here) -Spain closed the lower MS river to American shipping

What did the Great Compromise entail?

-Upper house or Senate would have 2 representatives from each state and be equal in representation -Lower house or House of Representatives would have the number of representatives based the states population -Larger states would have more delegates than smaller states.

What 4 limited powers did the Articles of Confederation give congress?

-conduct foreign affairs -maintain armed forces -borrow money -issue currency

What did the New Jersey Plan call for?

A one-housed legislature with each state having 1 vote. Each state would have an equal say regardless of population

________________ favored local government controlled more closely by the people.

Anti-Federalist

The plan for a new central government was called?

Articles of Confederation - it was adopted as the nation's first constitution in November 1777

Many ideas for the Constitution came from who?

European political writers

This branch of government is headed by the president:

Executive Branch

This is the branch of government headed by the president & vice president:

Executive Branch

True or False? Slavery was not a major source of labor in Southern states.

False

True or False? The delegates at the Constitutional Convention included Native Americans, African Americans, and women.

False

True or False? Under a policy of proportional representation, smaller states would have more votes than larger states.

False

True or False? The Ordinance of 1785 contained a clause that marked the first attempt to stop the spread of slavery in the United States.

False -It was the Northwest Ordiance

True or False? Changing the articles or amending them required approval of 9 states.

False -it required approval from all 13 states

True or False? Slavery was a major source of labor in the North

False -it was in the SOUTH!

True or False? After the Revolutionary War, the US went through a period of tremendous growth.

False -the US went through a depression period

True or False? The government gave these sections away to the first settlers that arrived.

False -they were sold at public auction

True or False? Anti-Federalists supported the Constitution

False Federalists supported the Constitution

True or False? Under the Articles of Confederation, states lost most of their power.

False States kept most of their power, and retained its independence

True or False? Americans were ready to concentrate power in the hands of a single ruler

False - Americans were determined to LIMIT the power in the hands of a single ruler.

True or False? By the end of 1776, all states had written their constitutions.

False- By the end of 1780, all states had state constitutions

On September 17, 1787, all but 3 delegates gathered to sign the constitution. Why did 3 refuse?

They didn't want to sign it without a Bill of Rights.

Why did most states want a weak central government?

They wanted one they could rely on to wage & handle relations with other countries.

This system keeps any one branch of government from gaining too much power.

checks and balances

A ________________ is a settlement of a dispute by each party giving up some demands.

compromise

To __________________, means to lose value.

depreciate

The US went through an economic _____________ after the American Revolution.

depression

The Americans formed a republic, a government in which citizens rule through ________________________.

elected representatives

Shays's Rebellion forced courts to close so judges could not take away _______________.

farmers' land

The states adopted constitutions that limited the power of the ________________.

govenor

The first state constitution aimed to keep the power where?

in the hands of the people