Chapter 7: Lifespan Development

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? A. 10 to 18 months B. 24 to 36 months C. 6 to 8 months D. 18 to 24 months

A. 10 to 18 months

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: A. 9 and 18 months. B. 6 and 8 months. C. 7 and 14 months. D. 3 and 4 months.

A. 9 and 18 months.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. Increased weight B. Medical conditions C. Medications D. Overall health

A. Increased weight

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions C. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

A. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. B. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. C. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging. D. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing.

A. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. increase surface area available for air exchange B. decreased residual volume C. A loss of respiratory muscle mass D. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage

A. increase surface area available for air exchange

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: Select one: A. shrinkage of the brain. B. a decrease in neurons. C. meningeal deterioration. D. blood vessel dilation.

A. shrinkage of the brain.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. B. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand. C. their intercostal muscles are not functional. D. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain.

A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: A. 60 to 100 beats/min. B. 70 to 120 beats/min. C. 90 to 140 beats/min. D. 100 to 150 beats/min.

B. 70 to 120 beats/min.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? A. The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. D. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.

B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? Select one: A. The majority of middle adults still have small children who live at home with them. B. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. C. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. D. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work.

B. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. D. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. Select one: A. too fast B. normal C. too shallow D. too slow

B. normal

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: A. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. C. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. D. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.

B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: Select one: A. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. C. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. D. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction.

B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? Select one: A. 40-60 breaths/min B. 25-50 breaths/min C. 12-20 breaths/min D. 15-30 breaths/min

C. 12-20 breaths/min

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: Select one: A. 60 and 120 mm Hg. B. 80 and 120 mm Hg. C. 90 and 140 mm Hg. D. 70 and 140 mm Hg.

C. 90 and 140 mm Hg.

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? Select one: A. The systolic blood pressure decreases. B. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. C. Secondary sexual development begins. D. Muscle and bone growth both decrease.

C. Secondary sexual development begins.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? Select one: A. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. B. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. C. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. D. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body.

C. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

In preconventional reasoning, children: Select one: A. make decisions based on their conscience. B. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children. C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. D. look for approval from their peers and society.

C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. Select one: A. cranial valleys B. sutures C. fontanelles D. ventricles

C. fontanelles

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: Select one: A. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. B. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. C. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. D. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism.

C. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: Select one: A. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. B. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. C. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. D. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents.

C. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

Children of which age group are considered toddlers? Select one: A. Over 6 years B. 1 month to 1 year C. 3-6 years D. 1-3 years

D. 1-3 years

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: Select one: A. 18 and 22 years. B. 21 and 30 years. C. 25 and 35 years. D. 19 and 25 years.

D. 19 and 25 years.

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Select one: A. 80 beats/min. B. 60 beats/min. C. 90 beats/min. D. 70 beats/min.

D. 70 beats/min.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? A. an infants normal heart rate increases by 10 bpm each month B. an infants heart rate generally ranges between 70 to 1 10 bpm C. By six months of age an infants normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL per kiloliter D. an infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler is normal body temperature

D. an infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler is normal body temperature

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: Select one: A. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. B. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. C. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the: A. surface area of the alveoli increases B. overall size of the airway decreases C. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge D. elasticity of the lungs decreases

D. elasticity of the lungs decreases

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? A. generally speaking the brain increases in size by 10 to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age B. because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a persons level of intelligence decreases with age C. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly D. interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill despite a loss of neurons

D. interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill despite a loss of neurons

Older adults frequently ___________. Select one: A. are able to increase their muscle mass B. are unable to overcome medical problems C. experience a decrease in body fat as they age D. take multiple medications

D. take multiple medications

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. Select one: A. constriction of the blood vessels B. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels C. dilation of the arteries D. the blockage of a coronary artery

D. the blockage of a coronary artery

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: A. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. B. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. C. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position D. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

D. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: a. 90 mm Hg. b. 80 mm Hg. c. 70 mm Hg. d. 60 mm Hg.

a. 90 mm Hg.

________ is a critical stage in the development of conscience-based decision making. a. School age b. Young adulthood c. Adolescence d. Preschool age

a. School age

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? a. antisocial behavior and peer pressue peak around 14-16 years of age. b. family conflict decreases as the child begins to control who they are. c. adolescence are less fixated on their physical appearance than toddlers. d. because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

a. antisocial behavior and peer pressue peak around 14-16 years of age.

Age-related shrinkage of the brain increases the risk of ___________. a. brain injury b. forgetfulness c. loss of motor control d. dementia

a. brain injury

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? a. cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. b. women in the middle adult age group usually experience menopause at the end of their 50s or the beginning of their 60s. c. significant impairment of vision and hearing occur between the ages of 41 and 44. d. increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group typically do not respond well to increased exercise.

a. cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

What is the normal pulse rate for an infant? a. 90-120 beats/min. b. 100-160 beats/min. c. 120-140 beats/min. d. 100-140 beats/min.

b. 100-160 beats/min.

Children from 1 month to 1 year of age are called ________. a. neonates b. infants c. newborns d. preemies

b. infants

Many effects of aging can be diminished by ___________. a. varying the sleep cycle b. regular exercise c. avoiding prescription medication d. limiting outdoor activities

b. regular exercise

Secondary sexual development occurs during _________________. a. early adulthood b. school age c. adolescence d. middle adulthood

c. adolescence

High-risk behaviors usually peak during ________. a. school age b. young adulthood c. middle adulthood d. adolescence

d. adolescence

Infants often fall head first because ___________ a. they usually fall backward when moving, not forward b. they are prone to syncopal episodes c. their blood pressure falls sharply upon standing d. their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body

d. their head is large and heavy in proportion to their body

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? a. the normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is 12-20 breaths/minute b. toddlers and preschoolers have well developed lung muscle, even though they have less lung tissue c. muscle mass and bone density in toddlers and preschoolers is decreases because of increased physical activity d. toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of loss of immunity

d. toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of loss of immunity