Chapter 7: Long Term Memory

Patient S.M. does not experience fear because she has bilateral damage to her:

Amygdala

Patient S.M. had congenital damage to her _________ and could not learn fear conditioning

Amygdala

Learning information requires synaptic changes in order to make memories last long-term and become enduring. This process is called:

Consolidation

Imagine that you are in you are in your living room when you get a craving for ice-cream. You get up, walk into your kitchen, and suddenly can't remember why you're in there. Deciding not to worry about it, you walk back into the living room. Once you're back in the living you room, you remember that you wanted ice cream! This improved recall in the living room compared to the kitchen would exemplify which of the following?

Context-dependent memory

Craig is preparing to study for his lifespan development course and decides that he will generate examples for each of the terms so that he can better remember them. He is using:

Deep levels of processing

In regards to Craik and Tulving's 1972 study, which question led subjects to have the highest free recall performance?

Does this fit into a sentence?

Based on H.M.'s and Clive Wearing's case, what is the hippocampus necessary for?

Encoding new information and experiential memories

Every day in psychology class, Riley sits next to a student that brings a strong cup of coffee. The smell is very noticeable to Riley. When it comes time to take the test, Riley notices that the student with coffee is late. While taking the test, Riley struggles remembering a difficult term but is pleasantly surprised when the coffee student shows up with her usual cup of coffee. After smelling the coffee, the answer suddenly returns to her. Having the coffee smell present during both encoding and testing may have helped due to:

Encoding specificity

Having external or internal cues present while trying to remember information that were present during encoding that information leads to more successful retrieval. This is called:

Encoding specificity

Which type of memory specifically involves the experience of 'mental time travel'?

Episodic

Rating a person, song, or advertisement more favorably because you have experienced it before is called the _______.

Familiarity Effect

what is the rat's response to the electrified grid?

Freezing

Both H.M. and Clive Wearing had damage to their:

Hippocampus

The area of the brain that is considered important for consolidation episodic memories is:

Hippocampus

The formation of very durable long-term memories specifically involves which brain structure?

Hippocampus

If you learned about sensory memory in the chapter on Short-Term Memory, accurately remembering where it should be in the Modal Model now uses which type of memory?

Long-term memory

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment), is often attributed to:

Long-term memory

The process of imagining the future uses which of the following?

Long-term memory to predict what is probable of the future

a memory short-cut or technique used to help improve your memory is called a:

Mnemonic device

According to research by Levine et al. (2004) when we recall episodic and personally relevant events, which area of the brain is relatively more active than when we remember semantic information?

Occipital lobes

Which type of memory is least prone to forgetting?

Procedural

Your friend Carla is getting ready to go the Bahamas for a beach vacation. You have never been to the beach but you have a good idea of what her vacation will be like. This is an example of which type of memory?

Semantic

MaryAnn is studying for her cognition class. She decides to re-writer her notes. MaryAnn is using which of the following to help her study?

Shallow levels of processing

If Shirley and Marla's environmental science test is an essay test, which student will most likely perform better and have better recall?

Shirley

what is one of the applications the fear chamber can be used to test?

The impact of lesions on fear

Amnesiac patients like Clive Wearing and H.M demonstrate:

impaired long-term memory; intact short-term memory.

Classical conditioning is an example of which type of memory?

implicit

Knowing how to ride a bike is an example of _____________________________ memory, but remembering your dad teaching you to ride a bike is an example of ___________________________ memory.

implicit; declarative

The best summary of the conclusions of Baddely's diving experiment is that memory is best:

initially learned on land and then tested on land or initially learned under water and tested under water.

The primacy effect could be considered to be in _________ memory.

long-term

Sally begins to prepare her lunch at 12:00 pm and realizes that she can't remember what she had for breakfast. This highlights a retrieval failure from:

long-term memory

When a neuron becomes more likely to fire over time due to incoming signals, this is called _________.

long-term potentiation

According to levels of processing theory, information encoded in terms of _________ will be best remembered

meaning

We tend to remember the first and last thing we are introduced to; this is referred to as the _________________________.

serial position effect

While studying for her environmental science class, Shirley tries to make connections with the material and apply it to other contexts. Conversely, Marla is studying the same material by simply re-reading her notes. The two study techniques differ by:

their levels of processing.

The recency effect is attributed to:

working-memory