Chapter 7 Management

The person formally in charge of guiding a change effort

Change Agent

The process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices

Change Intervention

Forces that produce differences in the form, quality, ot condition of an organization over time

Change forces

The use of formal power and authority to force others to change

Coercion

An approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

Compression Approach

Workplace cultures in which workers percieve that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encourgaed

Creative work environments

Competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

Design Competition

A cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype

Design Iteration

The phase of technology cycle characterized by technological subsitution and design competition

Discontinuous Change

A new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard

Dominant Design

Approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

Experiential Approach

A physiological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly

Flow

A three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems

General Electric workout

Change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology

Generational Change

The phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design

Incremental Change

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Innovation Streams

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance

Milestones

Work teams composed of people from dufferent departments

Multifunctional Teams

A large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neautralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival

Organizational Change

A philosphy and collection of planned change interventios designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance

Organizational Development

The successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

Organizational Innovation

A full-scale, working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability

Product Prototype

Supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick

Refreezing

Forces that support the exsisting conditions in organizations

Resistance Forces

Opposition to change resulting from self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

Resistance to Change

Change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results

Results Driven Change

A pattern of technological innovation of characterized by slow initial process, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reachs its limits

S-Curve Pattern of Innovation

The inablity of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a nondominant desgin

Technological Lockout

The purchase of new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant demand

Technological Subsitution

The phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of exisisting technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function

Technological discontinuity

A cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

Technology Cycle

The systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

Testing

Getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed

Unfreezing