Chapter 7 Management
The person formally in charge of guiding a change effort
Change Agent
The process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices
Change Intervention
Forces that produce differences in the form, quality, ot condition of an organization over time
Change forces
The use of formal power and authority to force others to change
Coercion
An approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation
Compression Approach
Workplace cultures in which workers percieve that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encourgaed
Creative work environments
Competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design
Design Competition
A cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype
Design Iteration
The phase of technology cycle characterized by technological subsitution and design competition
Discontinuous Change
A new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard
Dominant Design
Approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding
Experiential Approach
A physiological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly
Flow
A three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems
General Electric workout
Change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology
Generational Change
The phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design
Incremental Change
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage
Innovation Streams
Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance
Milestones
Work teams composed of people from dufferent departments
Multifunctional Teams
A large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neautralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival
Organizational Change
A philosphy and collection of planned change interventios designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance
Organizational Development
The successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
Organizational Innovation
A full-scale, working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability
Product Prototype
Supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick
Refreezing
Forces that support the exsisting conditions in organizations
Resistance Forces
Opposition to change resulting from self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change
Resistance to Change
Change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results
Results Driven Change
A pattern of technological innovation of characterized by slow initial process, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reachs its limits
S-Curve Pattern of Innovation
The inablity of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a nondominant desgin
Technological Lockout
The purchase of new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant demand
Technological Subsitution
The phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of exisisting technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function
Technological discontinuity
A cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology
Technology Cycle
The systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations
Testing
Getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed
Unfreezing
