Chapter 7: Meiosis

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meiosis

a form of cell division that divides the nucleus, so it halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells

tetrad

a group of two chromosomes that twist around each other form a _________

fragmentation

a multicellular individual breaks into several pieces that many later develop into complete individuals by growing their missing parts

asexual reproduction

a single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offspring and there is no fusion of gametes

budding

a type of asexual reproduction in which new individuals spilt off from existing ones

clone

an offspring that is genetically identical to its parent

synapsis

another name for crossing-over

F

asexual reproduction evolved from sexual reproduction (T/F)

Meiosis I involves the separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes; Meiosis II involves the separation of the two chromatids that make up chromosomes

explain the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II

1

how many ovums (eggs) does meiosis produce?

4

how many sperm cells does meiosis produce?

13

if the diploid number of an organism is 26, the number of chromosomes in the gametes produced through meiosis would be 13

F

in meiosis and cytokinesis, one diploid cell divides to produce two haploid cells (T/F)

spores

in plants, meiosis results in haploid ________

Prophase I

in which stage of meiosis does crossing-over happen?

T

independent assortment occurs when each pair of homologous chromosomes segregates (separates) independently (T/F)

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

list the stages of meiosis in the order that they occur

T

many species of protists form diploid cells in response to stress in the environment (T/F)

T

meiosis and the joining of gametes generate genetic variation in offspring (T/F)

oogenesis

the process by which gametes are produced in female animals

spermatogenesis

the process by which sperms are produced in male animals

binary fission

the type of asexual reproduction that occurs in prokaryotes

asexual reproduction

the type of reproduction that produces clones`

sexual reproduction

two parents each form gametes, which fuse to form offspring

undifferentiated sperm cells are produced by meiosis, and become sperm by changing in form and developing tails

what is the difference between undifferentiated sperm cells and sperm?

crossing-over

when two homologous chromosomes exchange reciprocal portions of DNA during prophase I (beginning of meiosis)

in a male cell, the cytoplasm distributes equally when dividing, so there are four haploid cells. in a female cell, the cytoplasm distributes unequally, so only one out of four survives

why does meiosis produce four sperm cells but only one ovum (egg)?


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