chapter 7 nutrition

Celiac disease is a common inherited condition that results in poor ______ of nutrients from the small intestine.

absorption

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which a person's immune system reacts to

gluten

Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.

protiens

Registered dietitians now face the opportunity to better help people by providing them with

personalized diet planning

Registered dietitians now face the opportunity to better help people by providing them with

personalized diet planning.

In the year 1990, scientists began an effort to identify and sequence the human genes that code for protein synthesis in DNA. This project is known as the

human genome project

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

celiac disease

True or false: Food intolerances trigger the body's immune response.

false

Which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the United States?

It is uncommon.

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?

Microvilli

Which naturally occurring food is 100% protein?

No naturally occurring food is 100% protein

Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease have which of the following in common?

Requires a gluten free diet

The AMDR for protein is ___________ to_____________ percent of energy intake.

10-35

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your ____________________.

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

Children and adults with PKU need to avoid foods that are rich sources of ______.

phenylalanine

Gluten-free products that are not nutrient dense include

potato chips cookies

Although food insecurity exists in the United States, protein deficiency is

present in specific population groups. uncommon.

The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.

quaternary

The health professional who will consider genetically driven dietary recommendations when helping people with their personalized nutrition plan is the

registered dietitian nutritionist

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a

vegetarian

Which of the following cells do not contain protein?

None, all cells contain some protein

Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids

di- and tripeptides

Choose how nitrogen is lost from the body.

intestinal tract sheds cells urinary elimination loss of hair and nails

Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates?

nitrogen

In most cases, an allergen is a(n)

protein

Choose the true statements about amino acid derivatives.

serve important physiological roles examples include creatine and melanin nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins

Gluten-free products are not always healthier as some are high in

simple sugars. fats. sodium.

Most foods contain some ______.

protein

A 35 year old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of _________ grams/day

64

Which of the following account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?

Urinary elimination of urea

Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids.

di- and tripeptides

True or false: Every cell contains protein.

true

Vegetarians who do not consume fish may have difficulty obtaining ______.

omega-3 fatty acids

Making dietary choices based on nutritional genomics, height, weight and health assessment is the concept of

personalized nutrition

Combining certain plant food sources of protein to form complete proteins is called ______.

protein complementation

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein turnover

A food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as

sulfites. lactose. MSG.

A high-protein diet is defined as a protein intake of ______.

20-35% of calories

The percentage of adults who do not eat meat, fish or poultry is about ______.

3.3%

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

Heat Stomach acid

Which of the following is true about deamination?

Occurs primarily in the liver A process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton

A personalized nutrition plan takes into consideration

genes. height and weight. blood pressure. health assessment.

A ___________ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

Choose the food sources that contain high-quality proteins.

meat and fish eggs and milk

Which element is primarily lost through the elimination of urea and creatinine?

nitrogen

After being digested, most amino acids are first transported into

absorptive cells

A 28 year old woman who is at a healthy body weight of 60 kg has a protein RDA of grams/day.

48

After being digested, most amino acids are

transported into absorptive cells

The ______ of a protein influences its function.

structure

A person consuming 2000 kcals and eating 20% of her kcals from protein is eating how many grams of protein?

100 grams

Choose the true statements about protein.

All living organisms contain protein. Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Proteins are organic molecules.

The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called

deamination.

Proteins are made in your body by following the code found in your _______________.

DNA

What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?

allergy

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

Omega-3 fatty acids may need to be consumed from plant sources for those who do not eat

fish

A protein can be altered through exposure to ______.

physical agitation acids heat

A protein can be altered through exposure to ______.

physical agitation heat acids

People who eat a diet with _________ proteins are less likely to have hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

plant

With careful planning, a ______ can overcome the limitations of a plant-based diet and consume a nutritious diet.

vegetarian

A person that follows a plant-based eating pattern that may contain some animal foods is following a

vegetarian diet

To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know

which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods. which plant foods are good sources of protein.

To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know

which plant foods are good sources of protein. which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods.

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

false

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins but have important physiological roles are called amino acid

derivatives

In the United States, the average protein intake ______.

is about 1.44 g/kg body weight is about 15 to 18% of total calories

Choose benefits of a plant-based diet.

lower body fat and a reduced risk of obesity reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers

People with PKU need to avoid

meats. milk products. eggs