Chapter 7: Proteins

High intake of red meat is linked to this type of cancer.

colon

Excellent sources of plant proteins include all of the following except:

corn

Proteins that are altered on exposure to acid or alkaline substances, heat, or agitation are said to be ___.

denatured

The nutrients that may be lacking in the diet of a poorly planned vegetarian include all of the following except:

thiamin

The soy product that is made from soymilk and pressed into curds is called:

tofu

Which of the following lists of amino acids contain all essential amino acids?

valine, threonine, lysine, methionine

Total vegetarians are called:

vegans

One amino acid is joined to the next by a ___ bond.

peptide

The RDA for protein is about ___ percent of total calories.

10

There are ___ nonessential amino acids.

11

In Africa and East Asia, about ___ percent of the protein eaten comes from animal sources.

20

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends an upper range for protein intake at ___ percent of calories

35

Worldwide, approximately ___ percent of protein in the diet comes from animals.

35

Which of the following pH would classify a substance as acidic?

5

There are ___ conditionally essential amino acids.

6

Approximately ___ percent of protein in the American diet comes from animals.

70

There are ___ essential amino acids.

9

Enzymes are proteins that prevent chemical reactions from occurring.

False

Vegetarians must consume complementary proteins at the same meal to obtain all of the essential amino acids.

False

All of the following are true of kwashiorkor except:

It occurs primarily in children 8-10 years of age.

All of the following are true of marasmus except:

It results from too much infant formula.

Protein-energy malnutrition is most likely to occur in this list of countries.

Nigeria, India, Iraq

A well-planned plant-based diet will generally provide high-quality protein.

True

Animal proteins contain all of the essential amino acids.

True

Endurance and body-building athletes require more protein than the average healthy individual does.

True

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat eggs.

True

Resistance exercise (or weight training) enhances positive protein balance.

True

The mere thought of food or chewing food can stimulate gastrin release in the stomach.

True

Vegetarians are categorized by which animal foods are restricted in the diet.

True

denaturation

a change in the structure of a protein resulting in an unfolded polypeptide chain that usually lacks biological activity

pH

a scale, ranging 0-14, that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance; acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7; the lower the pH, the stronger the acid, while the higher the pH, the stronger the base

The building blocks for protein are called:

amino acids

nonessential amino acids

amino acids that the body can make if supplied with adequate amounts of nitrogen. They do not need to be supplied in the diet

essential amino acid

amino acids that the body cannot make at all or cannot make enough of to meet physiological needs; they must be supplied in the diet

complementary proteins

an incomplete food protein whose assortment of amino acids makes up for, or complements, another food protein's lack of specific essential amino acids so that the combination of the two proteins provides sufficient amounts of all the essential amino acids

Excessive fluid buildup and swelling in the surrounding tissues is called:

edema

proteases

enzymes that break down protein into peptides and amino acids

The hormones needed to stimulate positive protein balance include all of the following except:

estrogen

The chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called ___.

hormones

issues with high protein diet

kidney problems, cancer, osteoporosis, heart disease, and gout

Consuming soy proteins may help protect against heart disease because they are:

low in saturated fats, high in polyunsaturated fats, high in fiber

Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein contains this element.

nitrogen

conditionally essential amino acids

nonessential amino acids that become essential under certain circumstances, such as during illness

Examples of protein hormones include all of the following except:

pepsin

When the body is growing or recovering from an illness or injury, it needs a ___ protein balance to supply the raw materials required to build new tissues.

positive

incomplete (low-quality) amino acid

proteins that lack one or more amino acids

complete (high-quality) proteins

proteins that supply all the essential amino acids in the proportions the body needs

The plant source of protein that is considered a complete protein is:

soybeans

The soy product that is made from fermented soy beans is:

tempeh

Motor proteins are involved in all of the following roles except:

temperature regulation

amino acid pool

the amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for new protein synthesis

protein turnover

the constant synthesis and breakdown of proteins in the body