Chapter 7: Proteins
High intake of red meat is linked to this type of cancer.
colon
Excellent sources of plant proteins include all of the following except:
corn
Proteins that are altered on exposure to acid or alkaline substances, heat, or agitation are said to be ___.
denatured
The nutrients that may be lacking in the diet of a poorly planned vegetarian include all of the following except:
thiamin
The soy product that is made from soymilk and pressed into curds is called:
tofu
Which of the following lists of amino acids contain all essential amino acids?
valine, threonine, lysine, methionine
Total vegetarians are called:
vegans
One amino acid is joined to the next by a ___ bond.
peptide
The RDA for protein is about ___ percent of total calories.
10
There are ___ nonessential amino acids.
11
In Africa and East Asia, about ___ percent of the protein eaten comes from animal sources.
20
The Food and Nutrition Board recommends an upper range for protein intake at ___ percent of calories
35
Worldwide, approximately ___ percent of protein in the diet comes from animals.
35
Which of the following pH would classify a substance as acidic?
5
There are ___ conditionally essential amino acids.
6
Approximately ___ percent of protein in the American diet comes from animals.
70
There are ___ essential amino acids.
9
Enzymes are proteins that prevent chemical reactions from occurring.
False
Vegetarians must consume complementary proteins at the same meal to obtain all of the essential amino acids.
False
All of the following are true of kwashiorkor except:
It occurs primarily in children 8-10 years of age.
All of the following are true of marasmus except:
It results from too much infant formula.
Protein-energy malnutrition is most likely to occur in this list of countries.
Nigeria, India, Iraq
A well-planned plant-based diet will generally provide high-quality protein.
True
Animal proteins contain all of the essential amino acids.
True
Endurance and body-building athletes require more protein than the average healthy individual does.
True
Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat eggs.
True
Resistance exercise (or weight training) enhances positive protein balance.
True
The mere thought of food or chewing food can stimulate gastrin release in the stomach.
True
Vegetarians are categorized by which animal foods are restricted in the diet.
True
denaturation
a change in the structure of a protein resulting in an unfolded polypeptide chain that usually lacks biological activity
pH
a scale, ranging 0-14, that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance; acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7; the lower the pH, the stronger the acid, while the higher the pH, the stronger the base
The building blocks for protein are called:
amino acids
nonessential amino acids
amino acids that the body can make if supplied with adequate amounts of nitrogen. They do not need to be supplied in the diet
essential amino acid
amino acids that the body cannot make at all or cannot make enough of to meet physiological needs; they must be supplied in the diet
complementary proteins
an incomplete food protein whose assortment of amino acids makes up for, or complements, another food protein's lack of specific essential amino acids so that the combination of the two proteins provides sufficient amounts of all the essential amino acids
Excessive fluid buildup and swelling in the surrounding tissues is called:
edema
proteases
enzymes that break down protein into peptides and amino acids
The hormones needed to stimulate positive protein balance include all of the following except:
estrogen
The chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called ___.
hormones
issues with high protein diet
kidney problems, cancer, osteoporosis, heart disease, and gout
Consuming soy proteins may help protect against heart disease because they are:
low in saturated fats, high in polyunsaturated fats, high in fiber
Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein contains this element.
nitrogen
conditionally essential amino acids
nonessential amino acids that become essential under certain circumstances, such as during illness
Examples of protein hormones include all of the following except:
pepsin
When the body is growing or recovering from an illness or injury, it needs a ___ protein balance to supply the raw materials required to build new tissues.
positive
incomplete (low-quality) amino acid
proteins that lack one or more amino acids
complete (high-quality) proteins
proteins that supply all the essential amino acids in the proportions the body needs
The plant source of protein that is considered a complete protein is:
soybeans
The soy product that is made from fermented soy beans is:
tempeh
Motor proteins are involved in all of the following roles except:
temperature regulation
amino acid pool
the amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for new protein synthesis
protein turnover
the constant synthesis and breakdown of proteins in the body
