CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOLOGY QUIZ

You can keep information in short-term memory beyond the usual 20-second duration by: A. engaging in maintenance rehearsal. B. using clustering. C. engaging in chunking. D. using imagination inflation.

A. engaging in maintenance rehearsal.

When seven-year-old Grace had to recite the Girl Scout Pledge in front of the other members of her Brownie troop, she had trouble remembering some of the lines in the middle of the pledge. This illustrates: A. the serial position effect. B. state-dependent retrieval. C. source confusion. D. mood congruence

A. the serial position effect.

The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve: A. showed that long-term potentiation failure is the primary cause of forgetting. B. demonstrates that much of what we forget is lost relatively soon after we originally learn the information. C. demonstrated that encoding failure is the primary reason we forget most information. D. showed that the "magical number" of items that can be held in short-term memory is four, plus or minus one, and not seven plus or minus two, as had been believed.

B. demonstrates that much of what we forget is lost relatively soon after we originally learn the information.

When you are in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories. This phenomenon is referred to as _____ and it is one form that _____ can take. A. source amnesia; source monitoring B. mood congruence; the encoding specificity principle C. inattentional blindness; encoding failure D. mood congruence; long-term potentiation

B. mood congruence; the encoding specificity principle

Of the different types of memory, _____ memory has the shortest duration. A. working B. sensory C. short-term D. long-term

B. sensory

During a test of his short-term memory, Tommy was given lists of items to remember. He found the task much easier if he grouped the items according to whether they were animals, plants, minerals, and so on. Tommy is using a memory aid called: A. clustering. B. the self-referencing technique. C. chunking. D. massed practice.

C. chunking.

In Baddeley's model of working memory, one component called the _____ is specialized for verbal material, such as lists of numbers or words. A. visuospatial sketchpad B. semantic network C. phonological loop D. central executive

C. phonological loop

Professor Sheehan spent most of the class session lecturing on different aspects of memory, and ended by reminding her students of the test at the next class session. After her students had shuffled out of the classroom, Professor Sheehan noticed a student's cellphone on a desk toward the back of the classroom. The student forgetting his cellphone is an everyday example of _____ that is most probably due to _____. A. inattentional blindness; source amnesia B. source amnesia; retrieval cue failure C. prospective memory; retrieval cue failure D. absentmindedness; encoding failure

D. absentmindedness; encoding failure

A classic experiment by psychologist George Sperling demonstrated that: A. the capacity of short-term memory is virtually limitless. B. the schemas that people hold in a particular situation can erroneously influence the details they later remember about the situation. C. distributed practice is superior to massed practice D. information is held in visual sensory memory for about half a second.

D. information is held in visual sensory memory for about half a second.

According to George Miller, capacity of short-term memory: A. is about four items of information, plus or minus one. B. can be increased by clustering. C. can be increased by maintenance rehearsal of the information. D. is about seven items of information, plus or minus two.

D. is about seven items of information, plus or minus two.