Chapter 7

The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel like this in all situations?", is a(n): A)psychodynamic clinician. B)existential clinician. C)cognitive-behavioral clinician. D)sociocultural clinician.

C)cognitive-behavioral clinician.

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation? A)Cognitive-behavioral B)Biological C)Existential D)Psychoanalytic

A)Cognitive-behavioral

A 12-year-old middle-school European American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis? A)Her age B)Her ethnicity C)Her gender D)Her socioeconomic background

A)Her age

Which conclusion could be drawn about the current theories of gender differences in relation to depression? A)They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cannot explain. B)Life stress and body dissatisfaction explanations have substantially better support than the other explanations. C)Artifact theory probably will emerge as a dominant explanation. D)Rumination theory has almost no support and is on the way out.

A)They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they cannot explain.

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n): A)cognitive symptom. B)behavioral symptom. C)emotional symptom. D)motivational symptom.

A)cognitive symptom.

Neurochemically, both unipolar depression and bipolar disorder are associated with: A)low serotonin activity. B)high serotonin activity. C)low dopamine activity. D)high dopamine activity.

A)low serotonin activity.

Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. Which type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with? A)Seasonal B)Catatonic C)Recurrent D)Melancholic

B)Catatonic

According to Martin Seligman's theory, which person would be MOST likely to develop learned helplessness? A)Someone who experienced controllable negative events and then an uncontrollable negative event B)Someone who experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event C)Someone who experienced controllable negative events and then another controllable negative event D)Someone who experienced a random sequence of controllable and uncontrollable events

B)Someone who experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event

an impulse, Jaxson decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of round- the-clock work to get everything ready, and then Jaxson welcomes more than 200 guests. When the police stop by because Jaxson has blocked a public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. It is MOST likely that Jaxson is experiencing: A)a manic phase of bipolar II disorder. B)a manic phase of bipolar I disorder. C)a manic phase of cyclothymic disorder. D)hypomania.

B)a manic phase of bipolar I disorder.

Brody no longer enjoys his usual hobbies, talking to his friends, or even playing with his dog. In fact, Brody didn't even care when he learned that he was up for a promotion at work. This BEST describes someone with: A)fatalism. B)anhedonia. C)automatic thinking. D)dysregulation.

B)anhedonia.

One of the main problems in determining whether one's depression is endogenous or reactive is that: A)most people forget, or repress, the stressful events that may have led to their depression. B)it is unclear whether exposure to a stressor was a contributing factor or if it was a coincidence. C)people with depression often underreport being exposed to stressful events. D)it is virtually impossible to study endogenous factors that are linked to depression.

B)it is unclear whether exposure to a stressor was a contributing factor or if it was a coincidence.

Easton saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his neighborhood. A month later, Easton is in a psychologist's office complaining that he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. He has several other symptoms consistent with these complaints. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be: A)recurrent depression. B)reactive depression. C)endogenous depression. D)melancholic depression.

B)reactive depression.

A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is A)normal. B)unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. C)unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. D)very unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a normal number of new neurons.

B)unusual; individuals with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal

Which statement BEST describes what is known about the relationship between neurotransmitters and unipolar depression? A)Serotonin and norepinephrine work independently of each other. B)Serotonin has greater influence than norepinephrine in unipolar deprA person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is: ession, but not in other disorders. C)The interaction between serotonin and norepinephrine is more influential than the activity of each of these neurotransmitters by itself. D)Studies have shown weak linkages between serotonin and norepinephrine activity regarding unipolar depression.

C)The interaction between serotonin and norepinephrine is more influential than the activity of each of these neurotransmitters by itself.

After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from depression. It is MOST likely that: A)the man's depression led to the divorce. B)the woman's depression led to the divorce. C)a troubled marriage led to the depression. D)the depression developed after the divorce, due to the stress of starting to date again.

C)a troubled marriage led to the depression.

The evidence MOST problematic for the psychodynamic explanations of depression is that: A)studies have shown a link between neurotransmitters and depression. B)dogs that had learned to be helpless displayed symptoms of depression. C)depression affects people who had their childhood needs met and who did not suffer a loss early in life. D)infant monkeys that were "raised" by a surrogate mother covered in terry cloth showed depressive symptoms when separated from the "mother."

C)depression affects people who had their childhood needs met and who did not suffer a loss early in life.

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT: A) neurotransmitter activity. B)ion activity. C)hormonal functioning. D)genetic factors.

C)hormonal functioning.

The BEST example of a motivational symptom of unipolar depression is a: A)man who feels no pleasure from the things he used to enjoy. B)woman who thinks that her sadness will never go away. C)man who stops cleaning his apartment and even stops showering. D)woman who loses all interest in running, something she used to do daily.

C)man who stops cleaning his apartment and even stops showering.

Which statement is the BEST example of a claim that would be made by a developmental psychopathology theorist? A)"Depression during childhood is the best predictor of depression in adulthood." B)"Depression stems from exposure to pathogens that occur during prenatal development." C)"Depression is normal during early development and becomes a disorder during late adolescence." D)"Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence."

D)"Depression is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence."

Most individuals feel "depressed" at some point in time. Which statement BEST describes the difference between this depression and a depressive disorder? A)General "depression" is the first stage of a depressive disorder, termed a preclinical disorder. B)"Depression" in the general sense refers to pain brought about due to a biological cause, whereas depressive disorders have many causes. C)General "depression" refers strictly to clinical unipolar depressive disorder, whereas depressive disorder is a broader category of depression. D)Periods of general "depression" are shorter lived, whereas those with depressive disorders experience severe and long-lasting psychological pain.

D)Periods of general "depression" are shorter lived, whereas those with depressive disorders experience severe and long-lasting psychological pain.

Which statement MOST accurately reflects the connections among stress, immune function, and unipolar depression? A)Unipolar depression disrupts immune function, which then produces stress. B)Stress produces unipolar depression, which then may lead to a dysregulated immune system. C)A dysregulated immune system produces unipolar depression, which may then produce stress. D)Stress disrupts immune functioning, which may then produce unipolar depression.

D)Stress disrupts immune functioning, which may then produce unipolar depression.

A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. In addition, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and gives away a lot of money to random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily: A)emotional and cognitive. B)physical and cognitive. C)motivational and behavioral. D)motivational and emotional.

D)motivational and emotional.

A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms began a week after she gave birth and have lasted more than 6 months. This woman is experiencing: A)the "baby blues." B)postpartum psychosis. C)hormone withdrawal syndrome. D)peripartum depression.

D)peripartum depression.