Chapter 7: Skeletal System Gross Anatomy Study Guide

Where is the hyoid bone located? why is it a unique bone? What are its functions?

Associated with swallowing & speech. Located anterior in the neck, between the mandible & larynx.

The hyoid bone is part of the ____ skeleton.

Axial

List the two anatomical portions of the skeleton.

Axial & Appendicular skeleton

Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?

C2

Name and give the number of vertebrae in each of the five regions of the vertebral column.

Cervical C1-C7 Thoracic T1-T12 Lumbar L1-L5 Sacrum 1 Coccyx 1

Name the four major sutures of the skull and the bones they connect.

Coronal (the frontal bone and the parietal bone), sagittal (the two parietal bones), lambdoid (parietal and occipital bone), squamous (the temporal bones)

The obturator foramen is found in the ___.

Coxa

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called _____ ribs.

False

The large bone in the thigh is the __.

Femur

Describe the structures and functions of the intervertebral disks.

Fibrocartilage; acts as shock absorbers & provides flexibility to the spine.

What structure allows the brainstem to connect to the spinal cord?

Foramen magnum

The functions of the axial skeleton.

Forms the central axis of the body, consists of the bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. protects the brain, the spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax.

Describe four shapes bone.

Long, Short, Flat, & Irregular

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

Support weight, Protect spinal cord, Axis & pivot, Poster & movement.

List the bones of the cranium.

The frontal bone, the 2 parietal bones, the 2 temporal bones, the occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, the ethmoid bone

What bones form the pelvic girdle?

The two hip bones (coxal bones) and the sacrum

What are the functions of sinuses? Give the locations of the paranasal sinuses.

They decrease the weight of the skull; they act as a resonating chamber when speaking. Frontal sinus, ethmoidal labyrinth sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

The ribs articulate with the _____ vertebrae.

Thoracic

The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the ____ skeleton.

appendicular

The first cervical vertebrae is the ____.

atlas

The vertebral column is part of the ____ skeleton.

axial

The common name for the sternum is the ___.

breastbone

The heel of the foot is formed by the ___.

calcaneus

The _____ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck.

cervical

The acromion process has an articulation with the ___.

clavicle

The collar bone is the ___.

clavicle

Failure of the palatine processes of the maxilla to fuse properly during development results in a ____.

cleft palate

The ____ is the most inferior portion of the vertebral column.

coccyx

The loss of height that occurs with aging is due to ___ of the intervertebral discs.

compression

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the ____.

femur

The lateral malleolus is part of the ___.

fibula

The frontal bone is known as the ____.

forehead

The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and their ___.

girdles

What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?

herniated disk

The coxal bone is known as the ___.

hip bone

A dislocated shoulder involves separation of the __________ from the scapula.

humerus

The greater sciatic notch is found on the posterior side of the ___.

ilium

The largest and most superior coxal bone is the ___.

ilium

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the ____.

intervertebral foramen

A person sits on his/her___

ischial tuberosity

Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?

kyphosis

The skull bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. This bone is the ____.

mandible

What are the parts of the sternum?

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

A herniated disc occurs when there is protrusion of the ____.

nucleus pulposus

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones?

occipital

The point of the elbow is the ___ process.

olecranon

Judd has a fractured coxal bone, which means he has a broken ___.

pelvis

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your ___.

radius

Another name for the shoulder blade is the ___.

scapula

The glenoid cavity is where the humerus articulates with the ___.

scapula

Name the bones that make up the pectoral girdle. Consists of two pairs of bones that attach each of the upper limbs to the body:

scapula & clavicle

Alexander has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor, which means the tumor is in the ___.

sella turcica

The common name of the tibia is the ___.

shinbone

What condition is the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse?

spina bifida

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the ___ process.

spinous

The junction of two pubic bones is the ___

symphysis pubis

The coccyx is also called the ___.

tailbone

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the ___.

vertebral foramen