Chapter 8-10 exam(3) MGMT 3302

Piecework

a compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce

De-storming

a reversal of the storming phase, in which the team's comfort level decreases, team cohesion weakens, and angry emotions and conflict may flare

job description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____.

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)

sexual harassment

comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

As a class project, Senora is working with other classmates to create a company that would market NASCAR memorabilia. Senora's teacher has instructed her to use the traditional approach to create the organization's structure. What should Senora do?

create an organizational structure with vertical and horizontal configurations

In the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage.

de-norming stage

job specification

describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully

affective conflict

disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues

self-designing teams

have all the characteristics of self-managing teams, but they can also control and change the design of the teams themselves, the tasks they do and how and when they do them, and the membership of the teams

When teams are used properly and in the right settings, work teams can ____.

help organizations respond to specific problems and challenges dramatically improve company performance instill a sense of vitality in the workplace that is otherwise difficult to achieve increase customer satisfaction and service quality (all of these)

profit sharing

incentive pay in which payments are a percentage of the organization's profits and do not become part of the employees' base salary

job enlargement

increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor

Biodata

information about candidates' interests, work experiences, training, and education

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage associated with the use of work teams?

initially high employee turnover

specific ability tests

measure the extent to which an applicant possesses the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well.

personality tests

measure the extent to which applicants possess different kinds of job-related personality dimensions

semiautonomous work groups

not only provide advice and suggestions to management but also have the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service

job rotation

periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills

staff function

supports line activities

Team rewards that depend on ____ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.

team performance rather than individual performance

Cognitive Ability Tests

tests designed to measure such mental abilities as verbal skills, quantitative skills, and reasoning ability

forming stage

the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group's purpose, structure, and leadership

performing stage

the fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task

Groupthink

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Two types of subjective performance scales

• Graphic Rating Scale • Behavior Observation Scale

What is the primary advantage of the structured interview?

All applicants are asked the same questions

commission

An amount paid to an employee based on a percentage of the employee's sales

job enrichment

Attempts to overcome the deficiencies in specialized work by increasing the number of tasks and by giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional departmentalization?

Functional departmentalization produces managers with broader experience and expertise.

______ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.

Human Resource Management

What must organizations do before recruiting?

Job analysis

Product Departmentalization

Organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services

Standardization

Solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

Organizational process

The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

The composition of a ____ organization is always changing.

Virtual

cross-functional team

are intentionally composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

line authority

is the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command

storming stage

the second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict

reciprocal interdependence

work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner

Matrix Departmentalization

A hybrid structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization are used together

____ is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

Adverse impact

Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer.

Background Check

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by ____.

Chain of command

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. These project teams are composed of students of theology, actors, and musicians as well as the more traditional marketing experts and statisticians. Each member of the group is trained to conduct observational research, interview clients, and understand the marketing impact of what they learn. E-Lab uses ____ to make its project teams more efficient.

Cross training

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

Disparate treatment

Decentralization

In a decentralized organization, workers closest to problems are authorized to make the decisions necessary to solve the problems on their own.

In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior.

Mechanistic

Geographical Departmentalization

Organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

Functional Departmentalization

Organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

Customer Departmentalization

Organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development.

Performing

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?

Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex

Robert Strickland works in the legal department at a large consumer products manufacturer. It is his job to craft warnings on package labels. This is Strickland's ____.

Staff function

____ is the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps teams meet their stretch goals.

Structural accommodation

quid pro quo harassment

Type of sexual harassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a superior's sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment.

Which of the following statements about job validation tests are true?

Validation refers to a process of determining how well a selection test or a procedure predicts future job performance

hostile work environment

a form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

De-forming

a reversal of the forming stage, in which team members position themselves to control pieces of the team, avoid each other, and isolate themselves from team leaders

De-norming

a reversal of the norming stage, in which team performance begins to decline as the size, scope, goal, or members of the team change

work sample tests

also called performance tests, require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job

line function

an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products

modular organization

an organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants

mechanistic organization

are characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication

project team

are created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time

virtual teams

are groups of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use a combination of telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

Virtual teams ____.

are very flexible

organic organization

authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks

To improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers

base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self appraisals

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

bureaucratic immunity

stock options

certain employees are given the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price

Which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

client relationships

ESOP

compensate employees by awarding them shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation.

self-managed work teams

differ from semiautonomous work groups in that team members manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management

The primary disadvantage of geographic departmentalization is ____.

duplication of resources

Reengineering

fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed

Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure?

input/output measures

Disparate Treatment

intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

empowering employees

the process of managers sharing power and decision-making authority with employees

staff authority

the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

social loafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

norming stage

the third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness

Organizational Structure

the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company

adverse impact

unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others

As a result of their structures, matrix organizations automatically violate the principle of ____.

unity of command

According to the job characteristics model, ____ means pushing some managerial authority down to workers.

vertical loading

employee involvement team

which have somewhat more autonomy, meet on company time on a weekly or monthly basis to provide advice or make suggestions to management concerning specific issues such as plant safety, customer relations, or product quality

pooled interdependence

work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole

sequential interdependence

work completed in succession, with one group's or job's outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job

traditional work group

workers are responsible for doing the work or "executing the task," but they do not have direct responsibility or control over their work. Workers report to managers, who are responsible for their performance and have the authority to hire and fire them, make job assignments, and control resources

Disadvantages of work teams

• initially high turnover. • social loafing. • groupthink. • minority domination.