Chapter 8-13 Vitamins
Antioxident systems vitamins
A C E + Selenium
Fat soluble vitamins
A (beta carotene and vision) D (bone health and gene expression) E (antioxidant) K (blood clotting and bone health)
Bone health vitamins
Calcium Fluoride Vitamin D
Vitamin B9 importance
DNA and cell division
Selenium functions
Helps glutathione peroxidase(a natural antioxidant enzyme) ROLE: Glutathione peroxidase chemically converts dangerous peroxides into water
Blood health vitamins
Iron Folate B12
Describe the role of thiamin in energy metabolism
Its coenzyme form assists in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Fluid and electrolyte balance vitamins
Sodium Potassium Chloride
Energy metabolism vitamins
Thiamin Riboflavin Iodide
Osteopenia
a disease defined by low bone mineral density, and it is a precursor to osteoporosis
Iodide deficiency
a person develops an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter
The only mineral added back during the enrichment of grain products is ____________
iron
Vitamin C helps increase the absorption of ________
iron
Probiotics
live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, creating health benefits
Vitamin E prevents development of coronary heart disease by preventing oxidation of ___________
low-density lipoproteins
Besides fluid balance, what else does potassium contribute to?
lower blood pressure
Trace mineral
needs <100 mg per day Examples: iron, zinc, iodine
Major mineral
needs > 100 mg per day Examples: calcium and phosphorus
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
person with inflammation of the mouth and tongue, inflamed skin, and cracking of the tissue at the corners of the mouth
B6 name
pyridoxine
B2 name
riboflavin
Vitamin C deficiency
scurvy gum disease increase vitamin C if smoking
Where are the fat soluble vitamins stored
stored in the liver and in fatty tissues
B1 name
thiamin
A deficiency of ________ can cause beriberi, a disease that involves muscle weakness and lack of muscular coordination
thiamin (B1) when glucose CAN'T be metabolized to energy
A person with osteoporosis has much less _________ bone than someone without the disease
trabecular
Vitamin A
vision Preformed vitamin A (retinoids) Pro-vitamin A (carotenoids)
Copper
works with iron to form hemoglobin
Flouride
dental health
Vitamin E donates ________ to stabilize free radicals that would damage the phospholipid bilayer
electrons
Prebiotics
fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbes, creating health benefits
Iodide
helps with thyroid goiter develops with a deficiency
Pro-vitamin A
also known as carotenoids found in plant products Example: beta carotene
Preformed vitamin A
also known as retinoids found only in animal products
Selenium
antioxidant, helps vitamin C