Chapter 8-13 Vitamins

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Antioxident systems vitamins

A C E + Selenium

Fat soluble vitamins

A (beta carotene and vision) D (bone health and gene expression) E (antioxidant) K (blood clotting and bone health)

Bone health vitamins

Calcium Fluoride Vitamin D

Vitamin B9 importance

DNA and cell division

Selenium functions

Helps glutathione peroxidase(a natural antioxidant enzyme) ROLE: Glutathione peroxidase chemically converts dangerous peroxides into water

Blood health vitamins

Iron Folate B12

Describe the role of thiamin in energy metabolism

Its coenzyme form assists in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Fluid and electrolyte balance vitamins

Sodium Potassium Chloride

Energy metabolism vitamins

Thiamin Riboflavin Iodide

Osteopenia

a disease defined by low bone mineral density, and it is a precursor to osteoporosis

Iodide deficiency

a person develops an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter

The only mineral added back during the enrichment of grain products is ____________

iron

Vitamin C helps increase the absorption of ________

iron

Probiotics

live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, creating health benefits

Vitamin E prevents development of coronary heart disease by preventing oxidation of ___________

low-density lipoproteins

Besides fluid balance, what else does potassium contribute to?

lower blood pressure

Trace mineral

needs <100 mg per day Examples: iron, zinc, iodine

Major mineral

needs > 100 mg per day Examples: calcium and phosphorus

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency

person with inflammation of the mouth and tongue, inflamed skin, and cracking of the tissue at the corners of the mouth

B6 name

pyridoxine

B2 name

riboflavin

Vitamin C deficiency

scurvy gum disease increase vitamin C if smoking

Where are the fat soluble vitamins stored

stored in the liver and in fatty tissues

B1 name

thiamin

A deficiency of ________ can cause beriberi, a disease that involves muscle weakness and lack of muscular coordination

thiamin (B1) when glucose CAN'T be metabolized to energy

A person with osteoporosis has much less _________ bone than someone without the disease

trabecular

Vitamin A

vision Preformed vitamin A (retinoids) Pro-vitamin A (carotenoids)

Copper

works with iron to form hemoglobin

Flouride

dental health

Vitamin E donates ________ to stabilize free radicals that would damage the phospholipid bilayer

electrons

Prebiotics

fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbes, creating health benefits

Iodide

helps with thyroid goiter develops with a deficiency

Pro-vitamin A

also known as carotenoids found in plant products Example: beta carotene

Preformed vitamin A

also known as retinoids found only in animal products

Selenium

antioxidant, helps vitamin C


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