Chapter 8

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cascading style sheets

-CSS -control appearance of web elements in an HML document

presentation logic

-GUI interface -responsible for formatting and presenting data on the user's screen or other output device and for managing user input from a keyboard or other input device

hypertext markup language

-HTML -language specific for web pages

types of cloud

-IaaS -PaaS -SaaS

thin client

-PC just for user interface and a little application processing. Limited or no data storage (sometimes no hard drive) -usually a web browser and the 3-tier architecture involve a web application

standard generalized markup language

-SGML -markup language standard

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

-XHTML -XML-compliant extension of HTML

extensible markup language

-XML -markup language allowing customized tags

middleware to connect applications to databases

-application programming interface (API) -open database connectivity (ODBC)

web application components

-database server -web server -application server -web browser

transactions

-involve many database updates -either all must succeed, or non should occur

database connection

-maintaining an open connection is resource-intensive -use of connection pooling

cloud computing characteristics

-on-demand -broad network access -resource pooling -rapid elasticity -measured service

advantages of stored procedures

-performance improves for compiled SQL statements -reduced network traffic -improved security -improved data integrity -thinner clients

processing logic

-procedures, functions, programs -handles data processing logic, business rules logic, and data management logic

disadvantages of stored procedures

-programming takes more time -proprietary, so algorithms are not portable

benefits of three tier architecture

-scalability -technological flexibility -long-term cost reduction -better match of systems to business needs -improved customer service -competitive advantage -reduced risk

key considerations in a three tier application

-stored procedures -transactions -database connection

XML and Web Services

-web services -UDDI -WSDL -SOAP

static page requests

.htm or .html -requests handled by the web server

dynamic page requests

.jsp - .aspx - .pho requests are routed to the application server

steps for using databases via middleware

1. identify and register a database driver 2. open a connection to a database 3. execute a query against the database 4. process the results of the query 5. repeat steps 3-4 as necessary 6. close the connection to the database

storing xml document options

1. store XML data in a relational database by shredding the XML document 2. Store entire XML document in a large field (BLOB/CLOB) 3. store the XML document using special XML columns 4. store the XML document using a native XML database (non-relational)

java servlet

A Java program that is stored on the server and contains the business and database logic for a Java-based application.

fat client

A client PC that is responsible for processing presentation logic, extensive application and business rules logic, and many DBMS functions.

cloud computing

A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

web services

A set of emerging standards that define protocols for automatic communication between software programs over the Web. Web services are XML based and usually run in the background to establish transparent communication among computers.

XQuery

An XML transformation language that allows applications to query both relational databases and XML data.

open database connectivity (ODBC)

An application programming interface that provides a common language for application programs to access and process SQL databases independent of the particular DBMS that is accessed.

binary large object

BLOB

character large object

CLOB

document structured declarations

DSD

document type declarations

DTD

languages for creating web pages

HTML SGML XML XHTML JavaScript/VBScript CSS XSL and XSLT

XPath

One of a set of XML technologies that supports XQuery development. XPath expressions are used to locate data in XML documents.

service oriented architecture

SOA -a collection of services that communicate with each other, usually by passing data or coordinating a business activity -loosely coupled, highly interoperable components

simple object access protocol

SOAP -an XML based communication protocol used for sending messages between applications via the internet

middleware

Software that allows an application to interoperate with other software without requiring the user to understand and code the low-level operations necessary to achieve interoperability.

application partitioning

The process of assigning portions of application code to client or server partitions after it is written to achieve better performance and interoperability (ability of a component to function on different platforms).

Universal Description Discovery and Integrations

UDDI -a technical specification for creating a distributed registry of web services and businesses that are open to communicating through web services

world wide web consortium

W3C -An association concerned with interoperability, growth, and standardization of the World Wide Web (WWW). This group is the primary sponsor of XML and other web-enabled technologies.

web services description language

WSDL -an XML-based grammar or language used to describe a web service and specify a public interface for that service

XSL and XSLT

XMS style sheet and transformation to HTML

retrieving XML documents

XPath XQuery

XML schema

XSD

extensible stylesheet language transformation

XSLT -a language used to transform complex XML documents and also used to create HTML pages from XML documents

cross-site scripting

XSS -language for defining XML databases, recommended by the W3C

three tier architectures

a client/server configuration that includes three layers: a client layer, and two server layers. although the nature of the server layers differs, a common configuration contains an application server and database server

Database server

a computer that is responsible for database storage, access, and processing in a client/server environment. Some people also use this term to describe a two tier client/server application

web browser (web app)

client program that sends web requests and receives web pages -internet explorer, firefox, safari, google chrome

Two Tier Database Server Architectures

client workstation is responsible for managing the user interface, including presentation logic, data processing logic, and business rules logic

three tier tiers

client---GUI interface application software---business rules database server---data storage

data processing

data validation and identification of errors

business rules

have not been coded at the DMBS level, maybe be processed in this level

database server (web app)

hosts the storage logic for the application and hosts the DBMS -oracle, access, SQL server, Informix, MySql

Management logic

identifies necessary data for processing the transaction or query

web application languages

java server pages (JSP), APS.NET, and PHP

stored procedures

modules of code that implement application logic and are included on the database server -code logic embedded in DBMS -improves performance but proprietary nature reduces the portability and makes it difficult to change the DBMS without having to rewrite procedures

client/server components

presentation logic processing logic storage logic

web server (web app)

provides basic functionality needed to receive and respond to requests from browser clients. uses HTTP or HTTPS protocol -apache, internet information services (IIS)

application server (web app)

provides the building blocks for creating dynamic web sites and web-based applications

JavaScript/VBScript

scripting languages that enable interactivity in HTML documents

application programming interface (API)

sets of routines that an application program uses to direct the performance of procedures bu the computer's operating system


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