Chapter 8
Which of the following would be considered effective feedback? A) "You're lazy." B) "You have a bad attitude." C) "Your document had 10 spelling errors and was submitted two days late." D) "You need improvement here." E) "That story you gave to me to read was really good."
C) "Your document had 10 spelling errors and was submitted two days late." Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-01 Topic: Providing Effective Feedback Blooms: Apply AACSB: Reflective Thinking Level of Difficulty: Hard Page: 199 Explanation: Subjective assessments such as, "You're lazy" or "You have a bad attitude" do not qualify as effective feedback. But hard data such as units sold, days absent, dollars saved, projects completed, customers satisfied, and quality rejects are all candidates for effective feedback programs.
Monetary incentives tied to one's results or accomplishments are called: A) negative reinforcements. B) positive reinforcements. C) pay for performance. D) intrinsic rewards. E) non-variable pay.
C) pay for performance. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-04 Topic: Organizational Reward Systems Blooms: Remember AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 210 Explanation: Pay for performance is the popular term for monetary incentives linking at least some portion of the paycheck directly to results or accomplishments.
_____ is the exchange of information about the status and quality of work products. It provides a road map to success. Answers: Performance appraisal Performance management Management by objectives Feedback Total quality management
Feedback Response Feedback: Feedback is the exchange of information about the status and quality of work products. It provides a road map to success.
Angelina derives pleasure from the actual task of writing a book. She can be described as _____ motivated. Answers: extrinsically financially materially intrinsically socially
intrinsically Response Feedback: Financial, material, and social rewards qualify as extrinsic rewards because they come from the environment. Psychic rewards, however, are intrinsic rewards because they are self-granted. One who derives pleasure from the task itself, feels their work is meaningful, or has a sense of responsibility will likely become engaged with his/her work: Employee engagement is fueled by intrinsic motivation.
Skinner's work became known as: A) behaviorism. B) conditioning. C) operant behavior. D) respondent behavior. E) cognitive conditioning.
A) behaviorism. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-05 Topic: Principles of Reinforcement Blooms: Remember AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Easy Page: 213 Explanation: Skinner refined Thorndike's conclusion that behavior is controlled by its consequences. Skinner's work became known as behaviorismbecause he dealt strictly with observable behavior.
Which of the following is an intrinsic reward? Answers: Financial Social Psychic Material Environmental
Psychic Response Feedback: Financial, material, and social rewards qualify as extrinsic rewards because they come from the environment. Psychic rewards, however, are intrinsic rewards because they are self-granted.
_____ encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance. Answers: Performance evaluations Total rewards Full-circle rewards Profit-sharing plans Non-performance considerations
Total rewards Response Feedback: Total rewards encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance.
When John makes sexist remarks to be humorous, Kathy and Ben ignore him and do not laugh at his jokes. This is an example of: Answers: positive reinforcement. extinction. negative reinforcement. punishment. shaping.
extinction. Response Feedback: Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced is referred to as extinction.
Employees at Max Manufacturing strive to operate at a zero-defect level because each one of them gets publicly recognized for their individual and team accomplishments. This is an example of: Answers: extinction. positive reinforcement. respondent behavior. punishment. negative reinforcement.
positive reinforcement. Response Feedback: Positive reinforcement is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing.
When rewards come from the environment, they are called _____ rewards. Answers: extrinsic psychic intrinsic taxable equity
extrinsic Response Feedback: Financial, material, and social rewards qualify as extrinsic rewards because they come from the environment. Psychic rewards, however, are intrinsic rewards because they are self-granted.
Generally, people tend to perceive and recall _____ feedback more accurately than they do _____ feedback. Answers: positive; negative upward; downward negative; positive negative; downward downward; upward
positive; negative Response Feedback: Generally, people tend to perceive and recall positive feedback more accurately than they do negative feedback.
The management had promised Albert a 20 percent raise in his salary if he completed the project before the scheduled date. In order to receive the raise as promised by the management, Albert worked hard and over time and completed the project two days prior to the scheduled date. It can be said that Albert was: A) extrinsically motivated. B) intrinsically motivated. C) self-motivated. D) negatively motivated. E) socially motivated.
A) extrinsically motivated. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-03 Topic: Organizational Reward Systems Blooms: Apply AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 208 Explanation: An employee who works to obtain extrinsic rewards, such as money or praise, is said to be extrinsically motivated.
In a field study of 238 corporate managers, upward feedback had a positive impact on the performance of: A) low-to-moderate performers. B) moderate performers. C) moderate-to-high performers. D) high performers. E) non-performers.
A) low-to-moderate performers. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-02 Topic: Providing Effective Feedback Blooms: Remember AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 204 Explanation: In a field study of 238 corporate managers, upward feedback had a positive impact on the performance of low-to-moderate performers.
_____ is the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior. A) Modeling B) Shaping C) Stimulus fading D) Chaining E) Cognitive dissonance
B) Shaping Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-06 Topic: Principles of Reinforcement Blooms: Remember AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Easy Page: 218 Explanation: Shaping is defined as the process of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior.
Ross was given an evaluation form and asked to rate his supervisor Tom on leadership skills, helpfulness, attitude toward employees, etc. Other supervisors, top management, and a few clients were also asked to rate Tom's performance. At the end of all these evaluations, a consolidated feedback was to be given to the supervisor. This type of feedback is known as: A) upward feedback. B) intrinsic feedback. C) motivational feedback. D) 360-degree feedback. E) bottom-up feedback.
D) 360-degree feedback. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-02 Topic: Providing Effective Feedback Blooms: Apply AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 204 Explanation: Letting individuals compare their own perceived performance with behaviorally specific (and usually anonymous) performance information from their manager, subordinates, and peers is known as 360-degree feedback.
What type of reinforcement schedule is administered when a random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs? A) Fixed ratio B) Fixed interval C) Variable interval D) Variable ratio E) Continuous reinforcement
D) Variable ratio Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-06 Topic: Principles of Reinforcement Blooms: Remember AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Easy Page: 216 Refer: Table 8-1 Explanation: A variable ratio is used when a varying or random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs.
Richard is a diving instructor who awards certificates to students as they master the complete set of diving skills. Which of the following types of feedback does this serve? A) Instructional feedback B) 360-degree feedback C) Upward feedback D) Intrinsic feedback E) Motivational feedback
E) Motivational feedback Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-01 Topic: Providing Effective Feedback Blooms: Apply AACSB: Reflective Thinking Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 200 Explanation: Feedback motivates when it serves as a reward or promises a reward.
Croma, Inc., recently introduced a new system of rewarding employees. This system would encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also training in management information systems which would ultimately help in improving performance. This method of rewarding employees is known as: A) intrinsic rewards. B) merit pay. C) fringe benefits. D) extrinsic rewards. E) total rewards.
E) total rewards. Feedback: Learning Objective: 08-03 Topic: Organizational Reward Systems Blooms: Apply AACSB: Analytic Level of Difficulty: Medium Page: 207 Explanation: Total rewards encompass not only compensation and benefits, but also personal and professional growth opportunities and a motivating work environment that includes recognition, job design, and work-life balance.
According to Skinner, which of the following categories of behavior described a very small proportion of adult human behavior, such as shedding tears while peeling onions and reflexively withdrawing one's hand from a hot stove? Answers: Operant behavior Respondent behavior Cognitive dissonance Learned behavior Unobservable inner states
Respondent behavior Response Feedback: Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as respondent behavior. This category of behavior was said to describe a very small proportion of adult human behavior, such as shedding tears while peeling onions and reflexively withdrawing one's hand from a hot stove.
360-degree feedback that involves feedback from outsiders is sometimes called _____ feedback. Answers: upward triangular horizontal diagonal full-circle
full-circle Response Feedback: Letting individuals compare their own perceived performance with behaviorally specific (and usually anonymous) performance information from their manager, subordinates, and peers is known as 360-degree feedback. Even outsiders may be involved in what is sometimes called full-circle feedback.