Chapter 8
what is a virtual structure
a company outside a company that is created "specifically to respond to an exceptional market opportunity that is often temporary"
what is a modular structure
a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors
what occurs in a horizontal organizational design
teams are used to improve collaboration and work
what are line managers
managers have decision making authority and usually have people reporting to them
what is contingency design
the process of fitting the organization to its environment
when important decisions are made by high level managers the organization has ______
centralized authority
organizational design is concerned with what two things
creating structures of accountability and responsibility creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies
what is adhocracy culture
external focus values flexibility rather than stability and control
what type of organization typically has few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them
flat organization
what are the four types of organizational cultures
hierarchy market adhocracy clan
what is decentralized authority
important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers
what are tall organizations
limited number of people reporting and many levels with narrow spans of control
what culture values profits over employee satisfaction, has strong external focus, and values stability and control
market culture
an organizational structure that combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are both horizontal and vertical command structures is known as
matrix structure
Managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design should consider the following in determining the optimal structure for the organization.
mechanistic vs organic environment link between strategy, structure and culture differentiation vs integration culture
a hollow structure is also called a
network structure
a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people is known as a
organization
the formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organizations members is called the______
organizational structure
an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others
symbol
what is span of control
that any officer can effectively supervise or manage only a certain number of individuals or groups. Rule of thumb is an officer can directly supervise three to seven firefighters effectively, with five being optimum
the chain of command is also referred to as the organizations____
vertical hierarchy of authority
flat organizations generally have few levels with _____ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees
wide
what are three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries
hollow modular virtual
what are characteristics of decentralized authority
important decisions are made by supervisory level managers authority is delegated throughout the organization important decisions are made by middle level managers
what is clan culture
internal focus values flexibility rather than stability
what are staff positions
provide advice, recommendation and research
what is maket culture
strong external focus. values stability and control rather than flexibility
what is hierarchy culture
Internal focus, formalized and structured work environment, values stability and control, efficiency, timeliness and reliability.
what is an organic organization
authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks
