Chapter 8: acid base

compound that accepts hydrogen ions

base

Occurs when CO2 levels are to low wen exhaling

Respiratory alkalosis

The body regulates the pH of its fluids by what mechanism? (Select all that apply.)

Chemical buffer systems of the body fluids the lungs the kidneys

When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these reflects the value for bicarbonate?

HCO3-

defined as an compound that donates hydrogen ions

acid

There are a number of tests to determine acid-base balance. One of the most common is:

arterial blood gases

Metabolic Alkalosis causes

caused from a loss of H+ or an addition of base to body fluid. the kidneys will reabsorb H+ instead of usually K+

Respiratory alkalosis causes

hyperventilation and in decreased amounts of CO2. kidneys compensate by reabsorbing H+ and excreting HCO3-

Respiratory acidosis causes

hypoventilation and increased amounts of CO2. Kidneys are required to compensate. H+ is released to reabsorb HCO3

how do lungs increase CO2 in blood

increase through hypoventilation of slow breathing

widespread ischemia causes

lactic acid

excess vomiting

loss of pancreatic HCO3

pulse oximetry

measures the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen 95% to 100%

is a result of excessive bicarbonate loss, such as from diarrhea.

metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis causes

occurs when cellular metabolism increases or absence of insulin causing widespread ischemia and excess vomiting

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. Which of these arterial blood gas results supports this diagnosis?

pH of 7.50 an HCO3 of 45

The nurse is caring for a patient with a high fever resulting in hyperventilation. The nurse understands the patient is at risk for

respiratory alkalosis

A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer (bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37. The nurse suspects the client may be experiencing:

Metabolic alkalosis

Excessive loss acids rating blood pH above 7.45 and loss of H+

Metabolic alkalosis

when the body has to much CO2 and can not exhale it

Respiratory acidosis

Hypoxic state

perorate converts to lactic acid

range of HCO3-

22 to 26 mEq/L

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide range (PCO2)

45 to 35 mmHg

The nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. The nurse interprets the client's pH level as normal when the results identify a:

7.35-7.45

Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)

90 to 100 mmHg

As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of increased:

Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation

The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following?

CO2

an excess loss of HCO3 in the blood causing pH to go below 7.35

Metabolic acidosis

a neutralizer that attempts to balance the Ph

buffer

how do lungs decrease in CO2 in blood

decrease through hyperventilation decreased CO2