Chapter 8: acid base
compound that accepts hydrogen ions
base
Occurs when CO2 levels are to low wen exhaling
Respiratory alkalosis
The body regulates the pH of its fluids by what mechanism? (Select all that apply.)
Chemical buffer systems of the body fluids the lungs the kidneys
When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these reflects the value for bicarbonate?
HCO3-
defined as an compound that donates hydrogen ions
acid
There are a number of tests to determine acid-base balance. One of the most common is:
arterial blood gases
Metabolic Alkalosis causes
caused from a loss of H+ or an addition of base to body fluid. the kidneys will reabsorb H+ instead of usually K+
Respiratory alkalosis causes
hyperventilation and in decreased amounts of CO2. kidneys compensate by reabsorbing H+ and excreting HCO3-
Respiratory acidosis causes
hypoventilation and increased amounts of CO2. Kidneys are required to compensate. H+ is released to reabsorb HCO3
how do lungs increase CO2 in blood
increase through hypoventilation of slow breathing
widespread ischemia causes
lactic acid
excess vomiting
loss of pancreatic HCO3
pulse oximetry
measures the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen 95% to 100%
is a result of excessive bicarbonate loss, such as from diarrhea.
metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis causes
occurs when cellular metabolism increases or absence of insulin causing widespread ischemia and excess vomiting
The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis. Which of these arterial blood gas results supports this diagnosis?
pH of 7.50 an HCO3 of 45
The nurse is caring for a patient with a high fever resulting in hyperventilation. The nurse understands the patient is at risk for
respiratory alkalosis
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer (bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37. The nurse suspects the client may be experiencing:
Metabolic alkalosis
Excessive loss acids rating blood pH above 7.45 and loss of H+
Metabolic alkalosis
when the body has to much CO2 and can not exhale it
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoxic state
perorate converts to lactic acid
range of HCO3-
22 to 26 mEq/L
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide range (PCO2)
45 to 35 mmHg
The nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. The nurse interprets the client's pH level as normal when the results identify a:
7.35-7.45
Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)
90 to 100 mmHg
As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of increased:
Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation
The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following?
CO2
an excess loss of HCO3 in the blood causing pH to go below 7.35
Metabolic acidosis
a neutralizer that attempts to balance the Ph
buffer
how do lungs decrease in CO2 in blood
decrease through hyperventilation decreased CO2
