Chapter 8 Articulations Mastering

(1) the proximal tibiofibular joint, (2) the distal tibiofibular joint, and (3) the fibulotalar joint.

What joints provide medial and lateral stability in the ankle?

excessive rotation at the knee joint

What kind of motion would be likely to cause an individual to tear the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)?

(1) palmar radiocarpal ligament, (2) dorsal radiocarpal ligament, (3) ulnar collateral ligament, (4) radial collateral ligament, (5) intercarpal ligaments, and (6) digitocarpal ligaments

What six structures contribute to the stability of the wrist?

flexion/extension and adduction/abduction

What types of movements are permitted between the metacarpophalangeal joints?

rotator cuff muscles

Which of the following contributes the most to the stabilization of the shoulder joint? -the joint capsule -the surrounding ligaments -the rotator cuff muscles -the bursae

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following explains why the elbow joint is exceptionally strong? -The articular capsule is very thick. -The surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. -The capsule is reinforced by ligaments. -All of the listed responses are correct.

An oval articular surface nestles within a depression on the opposing surface.

Which of the following fits the description of an ellipsoidal joint? -The flat surfaces of the two bones slide past each other. -Angular motion is allowed in one direction only. -The round head of one bone fits into the cup-shaped depression of the opposing bone. -An oval articular surface nestles within a depression on the opposing surface.

acromioclavicular ligament

Which of the following ligaments is partially or completely stretched or torn during a shoulder separation? -coracohumeral ligament -coracoacromial ligament -glenohumeral ligament -acromioclavicular ligament

Articular cartilage covers the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the shoulder joint? -The weakest portion of the shoulder joint is along the superior surface of the capsule. -Unlike the hip, the shoulder joint does not have bursae associated with it. -Articular cartilage covers the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity. -The coracoclavicular ligaments surround and reinforce the joint capsule.

Diarthrosis

Which type of joint in the body allows the greatest range of motion?

Because the subscapular bursa is located in the shoulder joint, an inflammation of this structure (bursitis) would be more likely to be found in the tennis player. The condition is associated with repetitive motion that occurs at the shoulder, such as swinging a tennis racket. The jogger would be more at risk for injuries to the knee joint.

Who would be more likely to develop inflammation of the subscapular bursa—a tennis player or a jogger? Why?

It has a smaller area of contact between articulating bones.

Why is the shoulder joint a weaker joint?

rthritis is joint inflammation and is a type of rheumatic disease that affects synovial joints. Arthritis always involves damage to the articular cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.

Your grandmother is complaining about chronic joint pain that her physician says is caused by arthritis. She asks you to explain what arthritis is. What should you tell her?

No, the pain isn't originating in his elbow. The elbow joint, which does not allow for supination and pronation of the forearm, is the joint between (1) the humerus and the ulna and (2) the humerus and the radius. The pain originates in his forearm. The proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints allow for supination and pronation of the forearm.

Your roommate complains of elbow pain while he is pronating and supinating his forearm. Is the pain really originating in the elbow joint? How would you explain this to your roommate?

pivot joint

An A&P student is taking an exam and shakes his head from left to right, as if to say, "No! Not another question about joints!" What kind of joint is allowing him to turn his head from left to right?

Hinge joint Saddle Joint Ellipsoid Joint

Angular Motion =

Pushes both thighs outward separating your knees as far as possible

At the gym, there is a machine called the abductor machine which exercises the thigh muscles. How does the machine move your thighs to exercise them?

Ex. Shoulder and hip joints

Ball and socket joint

Plantar flexion

Based on your knowledge of anatomical terminology, when a ballerina stands on her toes, this movement is an example of what?

Circumduction

____ is the ability to move one end of a bone through a complete circle while the opposite end remains stationary. It is permitted only by ball and socket joints

Shoulder joint, hip joint, carpometacarpal joint of pollex

Circumduction movements can be performed by _____

Ex. Metacarpophalangeal joint.

Condylar Ellipsoidal joint)

The temporomandibular joint is primarily a hinge joint, but the loose capsule and relatively flat articular surfaces also permit small gliding movements. These movements are important for chewing.

How do the unique structure of the joint capsule and the relatively flat articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint affect the function of this joint?

Gliding Joint

Linear motion =

Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reduces friction, and distributes dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes

List two functions of synovial fluid

the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligament flava, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament

Name the ligaments that stabilize the vertebral column.

radious;ulna

Pronation is a form of rotation in the forearm where the ___ crosses over the ____

Pivot Joint

Rotational Motion =

Ball and socket joint

Rotational and angular motion =

Ex. Carpometacarpal joint

Saddle Joint

The elbow joint is composed of the articulations between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius.

What bones make up the elbow joint and how do they articulate?

Elbow joint.

What is an example of a hinge joint?

tibiotalar joint

What is the primary weight-bearing joint in the ankle?

Diarthroses

A freely moveable joint is

No relative movement occurs at a synarthrosis, whereas slight movement occurs at an amphiarthrosis

Distinguish between the types of movement at a synarthrosis and an amphiarthrosis

Biaxial

Ellipsoid joint is what type?

The almost complete bony socket enclosing the head of the femur, the strong articular capsule, the stout supporting ligaments, and the dense muscular padding make the hip an extremely stable joint. Because of this stability, fractures of the femoral neck or between the trochanters are more common than hip dislocations.

Explain why dislocations of the hip are rare.

Synostoses

Frontal suture of skull is an example of:

flexion

Give the proper term for bending the elbow.

abduction

Give the proper term for moving the humerus away from the midline of the body.

supination

Give the proper term for turning the palms so that they face forward.

Ex. Clavicle with Manubrium

Gliding Joint.

Ex. Elbow and knee joints

Hinge Joint

The articular disc of the temporomandibular joint extends horizontally and therefore divides the joint cavity into two separate chambers. As a result, the temporomandibular joint is really two synovial joints: one between the temporal bone and the articular disc, and the other between the articular disc and the mandible.

How does the orientation of the articular disc affect the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint?

ABDUCTION

If Alberto is standing in anatomical position, and he raises his arms laterally to the level of his shoulders, he has just done what motion?

articular cartilages

If Mable complains that her arthritis is bothering her, then we could certainly say that what part of her joints has been affected?

Ex. C1 articulating with C2

Pivot Joint

enlarges and deepens the joint cavity

The glenoid labrum _____.

Posterior cruciate ligament + more

The intracapsular ligaments of the knee include:

Angular motion

The joint between the femur and tibia allows flexion and extension at the knee. What kind of movement takes place here?

hinge joints

The joints of the toes are considered which type of joint?

False

True or False: A ligament that originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the humerus is the acromioclaviuclar ligament